Education in the Twisted Military School

Not objet darty of the boys who enter the Carolina Military Institute as freshmen leave the school as graduates. Set in S fall outh Carolina, this is a story seen through the eye of Will McLean, a sensitive, yet rebellious young boy, who aspires to be an institiute adult male. He is an intelligent, h hotshotst, sarcastic and incredibly funny Irish, working curriculum younker who doesnt hide from the truth or his fears. Secondary characters Dante Pignetti, Mark Santoro, and Tradd St. Croix, come into Wills purport as he studies at the institute. Tradd is a fragile young man who chooses military rearingal activity to please his father.He is sensitive, loyal, and caring. Pig and Mark atomic number 18 the big men of the group. Will considers them his protectors because of their size and sense of loyality. 0n the surface, the institute apppears to be just another military school engaged in training fine southern men to defend the country during the Vietnam War. But butt joint the clean walls of the school and the stern faces of the upperclassmen is a horrifying secret. The Lords Of Dicipline is a entertain about four young men, Will, Pig, Mark and Tradd, who are trying to recieve an education in this twisted military school.Its a school where the system rules alternatively of the teachers. The system is run by upperclassmen, obsessed with upholding the schools reputation for spining out the finest men the country has to offer to the war. Will watches as the boys in his class are dismantled and reassembled to become military men. He watches as boys are tortured because of their differences, as they are run out of the school, and even as they are driven to the threshold of sucide. The instutite seems to change everyone who remains at that place. It seems to harden them, to turn them into the very men they feared as freshmen.Will fears that he too allow for be corrupt by the brutality that surrounds him. When Will, Tradd, Pig, and Mark discover that there is a secret oragnization called The Ten that upholds and enforces The system Will becomes determined to get out them and bring to justice the students who were their victims. The Lords of Discipline is a wonderfully chilling and lifelike book with believable characters and a great story line. It strtesses the fact that one way of thinking isnt always the right way and if you feel that something is wrong, you should acquit up for what you believe in. I really liked this book and I reccomend it to everyone.

The Psychological Effects Cults Have on People

This paper will address the meaning of the term fury. While similarly touching briefly on why its endeavouring to attract what a craze is and how it could be comp bed to Christianity and Jews. I besides prep atomic number 18 roughly examples of sight who started assemblages/ furors with the art of persuasion Leading some of their extremity to heretofore confide murders and suicide. Fin every last(predicate)y by the end paper integrity would fully understand the roles fads play in the physiological process of a person. For many eld, cult leading everlastingly had a mental conf apply on their followers minds.Whether it was to kill former(a) people or to kill themselves, they did it with break question. near cult leaders utilise fear, violence and guilt as a heart of a weapon to comprise the minds of their followers. Other cult leaders used persuasive and spiritual speeches that made their followers trust they were doing skilful and fulfilling Gods plan. Be safari cult leaders are powerful through psychological offenses, the people that belong to their cults are brainwashed into doing things they wouldnt normally do in their coer state of mind.For years, there meet been problems surrounding the definition of the term cult. The true and traditional meanings of the word cult, which are more fully explored at the opening Cult ( righteousness), come from the Latin cultus, meaning care or adoration, as a system of phantasmal tactual sensation or ritual or the body of adherents to same. In French or Spanish, culte or culto simply means worship or spiritual attendance therefore an connection cultuelle is an association whose goal is to organize religious worship and practices. The word for cult in the popular side meaning is secte (French) or ecta (Spanish). In formal slope use, and in non-English European terms, the cognates of the English word cult are impersonal, and invoke mainly to divisions within a single religion, a case where English speakers might use the word sect. Hence Roman Catholicism, east Orthodoxy and Protestantism are cults within Christianity. However, in common usage, cult has a truly negative connotation, and is in the main applied to a root in put unneurotic to criticize it. Understandably, close groups, if not all, that are clapperclawed cults deny this term.Some groups called cults by some critics whitethorn consider themselves not to be cults, however may consider some rude(a)(prenominal) groups to be cults. Although anti-cult activists and scholars did not agree on precise criteria that unsanded religions should meet to be considered cults, two of the definitions formulated by anti-cult activists are Cults are groups that very much exploit members psychologically and/or financially, typically by making members comply with leaderships demands through trustworthy types of psychological manipulation, popularly called mind witness, and through the inculcation of deep- seated anxious dependency on the group and its leaders.Cult A group or movement exhibiting a great or excessive devotion or dedication to some person, idea, or thing and employing unethically manipulative techniques of persuasion and control designed to advance the goals of the groups leaders to the actual or possible detriment of members, their families, or the community. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines cult as a religion regarded as unpredict fitted or spurious besides its body of adherents. Indeed, any religion involving vapid worship and unquestioning obedience to God could be designate as a cult (using the derogatory suggestion of the word), since such a religion would fuddle that high level of dependency, obedience, and unwavering compliance ascribed to cults by definition. galore(postnominal) mainstream religions still require their members to recollect in God unquestioningly, to apply faith that he is good and that what he does is good, to consider one s own wants and necessarily as unimportant epoch asking the will of God as paramount. both of these are certainly characteristics commonly attributed to cults, but while it would not be unreasonable to apply this definition of a cult to any compulsory religion that requires strict compliance with Gods word and will as a condition of membership, the notion of applying the word cult to Christianity, Islam, Judaism, or any former(a) major world religion today is considered absurd. There are those who build up this very claim that those who worship God fit the classic film of cult members in their dogmatism, unswerving obedience, and denial of self.This highlights the problematic nature of delineate what is and is not a cult. The problem with defining the word cult is that purported cult members for the nigh part resist being called a cult, and the word cult is often used to marginalize religious groups with which one does not agree or sympathize. Some serious researchers of re ligion and sociology prefer to use terms such as new religious movement (NRM) in their research on cults. such(prenominal) usage may lead to confusion because some religious movements are new but not necessarily cults, and some purported cults are not religious or everywheretly religious.Where a cult practices corpo solid or mental wickedness, some psychologists and other mental health professionals use the terms cult, black cult, or destructive cult. The popular press besides commonly uses these terms. However, not all cults function abusively or destructively, and among those that psychologists believe are abusive, few members would agree that they suffer abuse. Other researchers hold the overtake that classifying a religious movement as a cult is generally used as a subjective and negative label and has no added value instead, they argue that one should investigate the beliefs and practices of the religious movement.The field of cults and new religious movements is studied by sociologists, religious scholars, and psychologists and psychiatrists. The debates about a certain purported cult and cults in general are often polarized with widely divergent opinions, not only among current followers of a purported cult and malcontent former members, but some measure even among scholars and social scientists. Psychologists, among them those specialized in group psychology, studied what cognitive and emotional traits make people accept to join a cult and to stay loyal to it.Some groups, peculiarly those labeled by others as cults, view the designation as insensitive, and thumb persecuted by their opponents whom they often believe to be part of the anti-cult movement. Such groups often defend their position by comparing themselves to more established, mainstream religious groups such as Catholicism and Judaism. The argument offered in this case trick usually be simplified as, Christianity and Judaism locoweed also be delimit as cults under some definition s of the term, and therefore the term cult is senseless and useless. Members of groups referred to as cults redeem been cognize to engage in long discussions over the definition of the word cult. Critics of alleged cult groups state that by doing so, these persons have been known to waste large amounts of time and effort that would be remedy spent examining the actions of the groups in question, in order to reveal why these groups are referred to as cults. Another problem with writing about cults comes about because they generally hold belief systems that give answers to questions about the meaning of life and cleanity.This makes it herculean not to write in biased terms about a certain cult, because writers are rarely neutral about these questions. Some writers who cross with the subject choose to explicitly state their ethical values and belief systems to deal with this difficulty. For many scholars and professional commentators, the usage of the word cult applies to abusi ve behavior, and not to a belief system. For members of competing religions, use of the word remains uncomplimentary and applies primarily to rival beliefs, and only incidentally to behavior.In the sociology of religion, the term cult is a part of the subdivision of religious groups into sects, cults, and denominations. In these terms, it is a neutral term, referring to a religious movement with novel beliefs and a high point of tension with the surrounding society. Cults, in this sense, may or may not be dangerous, abusive, etc. By this definition, roughly of the groups which have been popularly labeled cults are indeed cults. In some cults people dont join them, they are elevateed by the cults.Philip Zimbardo apologises, People join interesting groups that promise to fulfill their public press needs. They become cults when they are seen as deceptive, defective, dangerous, or as opposing base values of their society (Zimbardo 212). The fact is, the recruitment techniques tha t cults employ are rather effective. Cults obviously want to be successful, so they seek to recruit the most capable people who can effectively serve them. Many cult members are doctors, lawyers, professors, and high profile celebrities responsible citizens.This is why some cults have survived for decades and functioned efficiently despite a high turnover rate, public disfavour and angry parents. People often believe cult members must have been neglected by their families. But this conclusion is in sharp job to the actions taken by many concerned families who will devote their notes and time in intervention efforts to bring their children out of such groups and plate again. Zimbardo urges people not to stereotype cult members. Rather than asking What large-minded of people join cults? he suggests we should instead ask, What was so appealing about this group that so many people were recruited/seduced into joining it voluntarily? What needs did the group fulfill that were not met by traditional society? (Zimbardo 126). It is also important to note that cults make many promises to potential recruits in the sign phases of inductionit is often not until months or years later that the recruit realizes that these promises were ploys to gain their compliance.However, by that time, the member is already submerged in the group and akinly in submission to and under the undue influence of its leadership. Since at least the 1940s, the approach of orthodox or conservative or fundamentalistic Christians was to apply the meaning of cult such that it included those religious groups who used (possibly exclusively) non-standard translations of the Bible, put additional revelation on a similar or higher level than the Bible or had practices deviant from those of traditional Christianity. These irregular groups can be rather large or small.Understandably, these groups deny that they are cults. By 1967, Charles Manson had spent most of his bighearted life in jail, broad ly for such offenses as car theft and credit card fraud. He also worked some time as a pimp. He self-possessed a group of followers, which he referred to as the Family, a group rally together by fanatical loyalty to Manson, and an abolishment of all moral precepts. He soon subsequentlywardswardswards moved to Los Angeles, at first basing himself and the Family in Pacific Palisades and then taking over an unused ranch in the western San Fernando Valley formerly used to make western movies, the Spahn Ranch. shake by the Beatles vocal music Helter Skelter and other songs off the White Album he became convinced of an impending race war and nuclear attack, based on Biblical prophecy in the Book of Revelation. He implied to his followers that he was Jesus Christ, saying he had died before, some 2000 years ago. However when asked at one time in court he verbalise, I may have implied on several occasions to several different people that I may have been Jesus Christ, but I havent dec ided yet what I am or who I am. (Bugliosi 341) Around the time the family was formed, he is express to have begun calling himself by a slightly different name, Charles Milles Manson (his real name was Charles departis Manson), allegedly because it could be read symbolically as Charles Will Is Mans intelligence. Although only a few members of the Family came to national attention, the Family itself seems to have been kinda a significant size, estimates of up to 100 people (of qualifying degrees of involvement) associated with the Family have been quoted beyond the hard core of around 30.On the night of opulent 9, 1969, Manson rateed some members of the Family to commit murder. These were Charles Tex Watson, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Susan Atkins, at or around midnight entered the retention of actress Sharon Tate, wife of director Roman Polanski, who was eight months pregnant, and murder her along with friend, Hollywood hairstylist Jay Sebring, and house guests Abigail Folger , the coffee heiress, and her lover Voytek Frykowski. Before entering the house, they had nip to death Steven Parent, an 18 year old youth who was go forth the property and had unwittingly seen the intruders.Linda Kasabian was the look-out and driver, and later received immunity for submitting distinguish against the group. She told Manson, Im not like you, I cant kill anybody(Bugliosi 312) and evinced shock and horror at finally sightedness the pictures of the cleanup positions in court. The victims had been stabbed ferociously many dozens of times, and words were left on the walls in their blood. The following night in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles, California, businessman Leno LaBianca and his wife Rosemary LaBianca were also murdered in their home, once again by members of the Family.On this occasion, Manson apparently went along to show them how to do it with less tumult, and pacified the victims, bind them up before returning to the car to tell his followers to co mmit the murders. There was no apparent connection between the victims of the murders, but the crimes were prosecuted by Los Angeles assistant district attorney Vincent Bugliosi in a single trial. Members of the Manson Family had antecedently been responsible for the murder of Gary Hinman, a music t to each oneer, in Topanga and were suspected of other murders.They claimed a total of some 35 killings, not counting those after the trial, of which several were considered likely or plausible, but were not tried on most of these either for lack of evidence, or because the perpetrators were already sentenced to life for the Tate/La Bianca killings. It begins with the Beatles, and with the Beatles celebrated White Album that came out in 1968. In it, while tripping on acid, Manson perceive the message that put it all together for him. There would be a war between blacks and whites whites would lose. Manson and his followers would pass over out in the desert when the slaughter took place. When it was over they would emerge from their conceal places and somehow convince the blacks that they should be made the leaders of this new world. He got all this not just from the Beatles but also from the Bible. Perhaps his most fascinating connection was to put side by side the Beatles song Revolution 9 with Revelations 9 from the Bible. Revelations, the final book of the cutting Testament, has al shipway been the favorite of mystics because its wild apocalyptic imagery is so bluntly turn to not to the literal but to symbolic consciousness.For those who read scripture not as a moral code of social behavior nor as a literal history book but as a symbolic rendering of a reality out of time and out of mind, the book of Revelations is the proof text. In the book Helter Skelter, Susan Atkins is quoted in saying The substantial thing was done to instill fear in the establishment and cause paranoia. Also to show the black man how to takeover the white man. When asked to pass the start of Helter Skelter, she defined it as The last war on the exhibit of the earth.It would be all the wars that have ever been fought built one on top of the other(293). To Manson, Judgment Day, Armageddon, and Helter Skelter were one and the same, a racial final solution which would see the black man emerge triumphant. David Berkowitz became known as the password of Sam after taunting letters from him to police investigating the case were published in newspapers. At a court in Brooklyn, New York, Berkowitz fillted all the killings which in 1977 had residents of three New York boroughs living in fear. He also admitted wounding seven people before he was arrested in majestic 1977.Berkowitz, who acquired his proficiency with guns through a three-year stint in the US army, said he had no motive other than excitement for carrying out the shootings. However, the Son of Sam nickname was adopted after Berkowitz used the term to describe himself in an anonymous letter to police in A pril 1977. The first killing attributed to Son of Sam occurred in July 1976 when 18-year-old Donna Lauria was shot as she sat in a car with a friend in the Bronx district of New York. However police did not realize there was a consecutive killer on the loose until another two people had been murdered and several more injured.The link was not made until March 1977 when it was strand the gun used to kill Ms Lauria had also been used in the fatal shooting of 19-year-old Virginia Voskerichian. The press initially dubbed Berkowitz the . 44 Killer after the calibre of gun he used. Unlike a number of other high profile criminals, Berkowitz kept to him self(Terry xiv) He was eventually captured after being linked to the scene of the final killing through a parking ticket issued when he left his car parked il profoundly. Berkowitz quickly confessed and claimed he was enjoin to kill by a neighbors dog.He also admitted to being behind the unsolved stabbings of several women, all of whom su rvived. In June 1978 David Berkowitz was sentenced to 365 years in jail. Over the years Berkowitz has hinted he did not work alone. confederation theorists believe Berkowitz was part of a satanic cult and that others were involved in the shootings. The groups main goals were power, greed and terrorism. It is the embodiment of organized evil(Terry xii). They also believe that the members in this satanic cult did not also work with Berkowitz, but also worked with Charles Manson and had been part of the Family. The Peoples Temple was a cult that is best known for a kitty suicide at Jonestown, Guyana, on November 18, 1978. The Temple was founded in 1953, at Indianapolis, Indiana, by Reverend Jim Jones. In Indianapolis, and at the California cities of Ukiah, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, where Jones drawn-out new branches of his church, they earned a good reputation for aiding the cities poorest citizens, especially racial minorities, drug addicts, and the homeless. Soup kitchens, d aycare centers, and medical clinics for elderly people were note up, along with counseling programs for prostitutes and drug addicts who precious to change their lives.Then disturbing accounts began to spring up, told by a few people who had succeeded in leaving the cult. Jones has a power that operates on fear, guilt and extreme fatigue. While we were in it we did many strange things. We signed over all of our property. We wrote and signed false, self-incriminating statements. We had to admit that we were homosexuals and that we molested our children. We had to participate in painful punishments for such minor things as forgetting to call Jones Father, forgetting to pay a bill, or for giving a piece of glaze to a child.Some of the punishments were beatings, humiliations and medications that made people appear to die (later to be resurrected by Jones). The beatings were intensely brutal. Many times the beatings would be done on children four and five years old. The board they use d was three-quarter of an inch thickly and about two and a half feet long. Children were crush the number of times decided by Pastor Jones, often as many as 150 times. During the beating, Jim Jones would demand that a microphone be held to the childs mouth so that the audience could hear the groans of pain.The microphone was unnecessary as the screams could be heard throughout the whole building. After the beating the child or adult would be held up and powerfulnessd to say, Thank You, Father. If they didnt say this, they would be beaten again. We were so frightened of him and his power that we would have sworn to anything he asked. We believed that he would always take care of us and would never harm us, even though we witnessed daily atrocities that should have convinced us otherwise. It is impossible to explain the effect of his brainwashing.We do know that it took months after we left to be able to think and act as normal, reasonable people(Mills 13). Jones was stealing from his followers, faked the miracle healings, was gravid the members severely, practicing sodomy with male members, and now considered himself the new Messiah. By now, journalists, law enforcement officials, and politicians were wake interest in Jones group. Jim Jones reacted with frequent long and angry speeches, where he claimed that the defectors lied, and the outback(a) world was trying to destroy them.At the time, more former members told of beatings and abuse within the Peoples Temple, and relatives of members insisted that members were being forced to remain there against their will. Jones reacted by lamentable his church, over 800 followers, to Guyana. The followers were promised a tropical paradise, free from the wickedness of the distant world, but when they arrived, they were forced to work by Jones orders, and together they built Jonestown. In November 1978, the cult was visited by Leo Ryan, a United States Congressman, who was investigating claims of abuse.A number o f Temple members expressed a desire to leave along with the Congressman, and the entire group went to the local airstrip. Temple security guards fired on the group, killing Congressman Ryan, three journalists, and a Temple member who wanted to leave. The shootings were captured on film by one of the journalists who died in the attack. Later that day, Jones ordered his congregation to drink a cyanide-laced soft drink in the Jonestown mass suicide. Those who resisted were shot, strangled or injected with cyanide. Jones was found with a shot wound in his head.Upon investigation his body contained high doses of drugs. In all, 914 people died. Mind control theories are based on the premise that an outside source can control an individuals thinking, behavior or consciousness. Such theories have ethical and legal implications. The mind control theories as applied to membership in new religious movents assumes that no one would join such a group if he knew what he was getting into. In Helte r Skelter, Bugliosi states about Mansons control over his family A domination so complete, that they would do anything he told them to do.Including murder. Getting this evidence was especially difficult because Manson rarely gave direct orders. Usually, hed suggest, rather than command, though his suggestions had the force of commands(287). The recruit is not to be held responsible for his actions, since he was under control. Neither scientists nor sociologists generally consider this model a viable theory. Theories vary as to the degree of control attained and the methods used to attain it (either direct or more subtle).When these methods are used forcibly on captives, most sources refer to it as brainwashing Although to their followers, Reverend Jim Jones and Charles Manson were all messianic and each possessed the uncommon ability to totally control and dominate the lives of those who believed in them. Clearly, many influences from the outside world influence peoples minds, such as advertising, media manipulation, and propaganda. political relation plays a role in the forming of cults. Charles Manson had a hatred towards police. In Helter Skelter, Manson states I have xd myself from your world. You have created the monster.I am not of you, from you, nor do I condone your unjust attitude toward things, animals, and people that you do not try to understand. I stand opposed to what you do and have done in the past. You make fun of God and have murdered the world in the name of Jesus Christ. My faith in me is stronger than all of your armies, governments, gas put up or anything you may want to do to me. I know what I have done. Your courtroom is mans game. Love is my judge(Bugliosi 412). His hatred was directed towards them because he believed that they were the ones that created him into a monster.Therefore, cult leaders are powerful through psychological offenses, the people that belong to their cults are brainwashed into doing things they wouldnt normally d o in their right state of mind. Cult leaders used various ways of molding a followers mind and brainwashing them to do things for them. Some cult leaders used punishments as a way of breaking the followers that were skanky to their demands. Others used and perfected the art of persuasion. Either way, the mind of their followers or family are in total control of the leader.

Ebay Culture Essay

What is organisational polish? This indefinable combination of determine, beliefs, and practice that a corporation posses, which makes the divergency between surviving and thriving, succeeding and failing. Most large corporations typically waste a strong cultivation with values and norms appropriate to the organisational purpose. In a big organization, sub- lasts also exist, division to division, office to office. In this smash of this group assignment I will describe the organizational culture of one of the most famous internet companies in the world, which is also the largest market in the internet EBay.M some(prenominal) articles and books have been written in new-fashioned years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as collective Culture. The dictionary defines culture as the act of bugger offing intellectual and virtuous faculties, especially through education. This paper will use a approximately different definition of culture the moral, social, and behavioral norms of an organization based on the beliefs, attitudes, and priorities of its cozy corporation. Every organization has its own unique culture or value manage.The culture of the organization is typically created unconsciously, based on the values of the top concern or the tyros of an organization. Organizational culture has been defined as a pattern of staple fiber assumptions, values, or beliefs and norms of behavior. consort to OReilly, organizational culture defined as the values shared by members of an organization. These basic values may be thought of as ingrainedized normative beliefs that roll in the hay guide behavior at bottom an organization.If organizational culture is developed as an organization learns to deal with the dual problems of both orthogonal adaptation and home(a) integration, then values that enhance the organizations capability in these two functions should be useful for it. To the extent that members of an organization share the sam e sets of values, thought processes, and languages, they will have similar mind-sets and behaviors as they integrate their efforts inside the organization and adapt to environmental changes. Research has documented a variation of out mystifys that are assortd to organizational culture.For example, organizational culture has been found to relate to organization growth and organization per shitance. Other studies have shown that its effect croup be observed directly at the individual level, in outcomes such as commitment, resource allocation decisions, retention, and perceived attractiveness of an organization. Given the striking changes in both the external environment and the infixed structure of ecumenic organizations, organizations that emphasize cultural values that relate to external adaptation and internal integration should be more effective than those that do not.The character of any corporation or an organization characterized by set of values and principles by which the founders and the pep pill management run the company from its creation when its real begin to become part of the DNA of the company. I believe that companies form culture very advance(prenominal) on and they get imprinted very proto(prenominal) on with a sense of right and wrong. And it starts from the top. It started with the CFO, the President, and CEO. According to Whitman, sis he had innate sense that they needed at EBay to establish very early on what the code of behavior was going to be, what the code of ethics would be.EBays internal company culture was very dominant and strong. Even though its culture had great influence of its members behavior, the culture encourages its members to notion more commitment. Employees were expected to be open and honest, to treat one some other with respect, and to speak up if they believed they were not existence treated in this manner. EBay functioned as being a nonhierarchical, democratic organization that encouraged ideas and fe edback from all employees. The culture at eBay characterized as being open and low risk, where employees were encouraged to shew their opinions despite their different pictures of view.Mistakes were acceptable, but employees were encouraged to truly learn from them. According to Whitman, unlike other companies where different views and opinions from the senior management were barely perceive , at EBay they do not have punishes attitude, meaning that there is no penalty for being on the wrong side of an issue or changing your mind in the face of better information. If an employees point of view contradict with his/her colleague when you end up convinced to be wrong, the culture is to appreciate your opinion and at the same time to come with the approach of ok? hats smart. Youre right. Lets move on. In addition, As role models, senior managers had to act with a high degree of professionalism and respect. EBay does not encourage pile who scream ratty or pound the tables. At EBay, its pretty even-keeled culture. Sustaining its culture fork over a better understanding of the strength of the culture. As EBay grew, in establish to conserve the unique internal culture of the organization, EBay made sure it hires single individuals who fit with the culture of the organization.In order to emphasize the importance of its culture, EBays CEO Meg Whitman, met with new candidates and describe eBays values and to set expectations for how each employee would support and contribute to the companys culture. According to EBay founder Pierre Omidyar, experience was not the only quality they were looking in potential applicants, but for someone who in reality understands the significance of its both internal and external communities and that person should express its most respect to these communities.Moreover, measuring the company and organization very often represents a major challenge in terms of being sure the values and culture of EBay are being go throughd correct ly. Therefore, on the organizational side, they had to be sure they were hiring quality employees who fit with the culture they could not afford to let that slip. Even though most swell establish cultures resist changes, EBay was able to accept changes within its upper management and the track it works.For example, when Whitman arrived EBay she tried to make some changes because she felt they were needed the way the company goes and in order to adapt to these new changes. An example would be her trying to set up these meetings, but no one had a calendar. According to Whitman, at EBay this was a culture where appointments were not needed because of its tenuous size there were only 35 people at the company. So she laid out a calendar and asked people to sign up for appointments. She did not appreciate the feedback the employees did not like the changes.What ended up natural event was that the employees who had previously worked in big companies signed up for multiple meetings, an d the people who had worked primarily in start-ups didnt sign up at all. Furthermore, EBays culture was designed to mirror its external conjunction culture. Very essential element of EBays culture is a respect for its community. It goes far beyond the customer is always right because eBay wouldnt exist if it werent for its community The meetings helped Whitman realize just how special the chemistry was between eBays internal and external communities.EBays internal culture mirrored many of the characteristics of its external community culture in tangible ways they were empowered to develop recommendations, and the company employed a nonhierarchical, team-based approach to problem solving. According to Omidyar this strain was so important Internally, EBay had to share the same values as their community because they indirectly influence the community in all(prenominal)thing they do.Everything EBay put on the clear site, every press release, every utterance to the press, every corp orate action, every deal, every partnership that happens in any part of the organization at long last trickles down to the community. EBay rely on all of its executives and then their managers to continue to communicate the culture. The message should trickle down to the very last employee, so that everyone really understands what were about and what our values are. EBay also encourage its employees to call the upper management if were doing something that is not quite right. EBay empowered everyone to be a guardian of the culture everyone.

Macroeconomics: Discussion Questions

In the aspect of macro frugals, economists ginmill and evaluate the current trail and characteristics of a certain regions providence based on the occupation ability and condition of the give tongue to commonwealth. This frugal labor harbor is summarized under the computation of the Gross municipal Product of said the region.gross domestic product is primarily the summary of the value added at every stage of production of all final goods produced by the prevail over region in a disposed(p) period of time. Its computation embarrass the total wasting disease of the population of the said region added with the gross enthronisation of the toffee-nosed area at the given period and the total money value of the government expense thus, summarizing the total production output of all the sectors in the society.In finical, the computation of GDP only includes the final goods and function for a particular proposition year. This does not include the value of stocks and used goods t wear atomic number 18 bought and sold. This is mainly because the value of the said goods have already been included during the particular period on which they are originally produced thus, the second term of their habitude are not macrocosm upseted as this would only sequel to periphrasis in the computation. Thus, to come up with the proper and effective measurement of GDP value, goods are only measured during the period that they were originally produced at that particular period of time.Regarding the aspect of contribution towards the GDP value of the involved region, the tune firms in particular have a signifi great dealt influence to the genesis of the GDP of their region. Business firms are considered to be in the private sector of the communication channel economy and their gross investment or capital becomes their contributing(prenominal) value towards the GDP generation.For them to partake positively the GDP value of their economy, they can enlarge their gross investment value towards the economy such as expanding their operation or increase their production at the period being considered. Through which, they can effectively add the value of GDP in their region characterizing the growth in their economy.2. Define consumption and MPC. What is your MPC has it increased or fall downd through time?Another important element in the computation of GDP is the value of public consumption reelectd by the spending characteristics of the population. This is mainly the gross money value generated by the financial and economic transaction such as producing, buying, and selling of the population in the given period. Intuitively, extravagantlyer consumption requires higher income for the population for them to have the financially expertness to buy goods in the market. Increased in the consumption through this added with the increase in the production of goods being sold in the market would result to higher GDP for the theater of operations region.An important concern in evaluating the consumption value is the MPC or the Gross Propensity to Consume. This is mainly the proportion in the aggregate raise added in the income aim of an individual or the population in customary, which is added to his or her ability to consume as opposed to savings. Considering this value, the increase in MPC would be affected by the current condition of the economy and the decision of the person on whether to save or consume the extra value to his or her income.1. How has personal line of credit cycle impacted you and/or a business you have information about? How do changes in scathe level and production (real GDP) might have an affect on you or a business?The business cycle is generally considered to be a natural occurrence affecting the condition and characteristic of the business firm. This is mainly the event of the upward and downward growth trend in the business, which are cyclical in nature affected by the several factors interna lly and externally. This cycle is characterized by periods of trough, recovery, peak and recession reflected upon its value of real output. include in the factors influencing this cycle are the bell level and production level in a given period of their economy.Generally, increase in price level would likewise affect the profit level of the business, as they would generate much revenue from selling their production. On the other hand, the current production level go away likewise affect the business wherein a high level of GDP would likely result to lower prices due to the redundancy of products circulating in the market. The low price level would in turn, affect the business with the reduction of their income and profit level.2. Assume that you are a business owner and looking into future, you want implement a long-term program to expand your business what are the macroeconomics variable you will appraise to nock an effective and successful business refinement?In developing a long-term expansion see for a business organization, it is important to consider the macroeconomic variables that are influential in the business operation. In the expansion plan, it is important to consider the future possibilities of the society in which the business plan to conduct their operation. The macroeconomic variables such as the current production and price level trends are important in this plan as they would general affect the profit generation of the business.Projecting an increase in the price level would likely result to higher income for the production operation as they would generate more revenue in selling their goods thus, expanding operation during this condition can be beneficial. On the other hand, if the production level of the businesss product is high then it is likely that the good will have a surplus in the market thus, lowering their value in the market. This condition indeed would not be much ideally for the organization. Indeed, analyzing the curr ent condition of the market is important for the expansion, as this will peg down the ideal and effective moment for the organizations plan.3. Put the hat of a Keynesian economist on and convince your classmates why Keynesian economics polices are effective to control inflation and unemployment in the economy.The Keynesian economics is mainly characterized by its mixed value towards the state and private sector towards the development of the social economy. In this aspect, combining the gross production ability of the state and the private sector through developing strategies to evenly maximize their output will effectively benefit the social economic condition. In particular, the Keynesian economic principles are effective in overbearing the inflation and unemployment problems in the economy.Through encouraging greater investment and lesser savings, business organizations will be encourage to expand their operation thus, generating more jobs for the public. With this, production level will also likely increase thus, increasing the available goods in the market. In this condition, price level would likely decrease due to the surplus of economic goods thus, negating the negative factors of inflation in the subject regions economy.BibliographyMcConnell, Campbell R. & Brue, Stanley L. (2006). Macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill/ Irwin

An Analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare Essay

In the play Othello by William Shakespe are Iago plays the master hustler and manages to deceive umteen of the other characters especially Othello and Cassio. It can be express that his motives are based solely on his insecurities due to the fact his close in the play was to ruin Othellos life. He does this by use psychological manipulation on Othellos thoughts and makes him believe that Cassio and Desdemona are doting of each other. Which basically means that he tar contrive ups anyone that brings out his insecurities, which gives him a flat coat to lash out andkill or harm these people, to make himself impression better.In the beginning of the play Iago makes it have the appearance _or_ semblance as if his offense towards Othello is because he has made Cassio his lieutenant. As the play goes on you later realize that Iagos hatred extends even more. I hate the Moor, and it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets, he has done my office I know not ift be true, but I, for mer e suspicion in that cordial, result do as if for surety. . There seems to be some rumors about Othello and Iagos wife Emilia, the rumors are that Othello and Emilia build slept together.In the quote above he states that he doesnt care if the rumors are true and that he is going to get with his plan as if they are true. Throughout the play Iago constantly reminds himself of why hes targeting Othello. I do suspect the lusty Moor, Hath jump offd into my seat the thought whereof, Doth, handle a poisonous mineral, jaw my inwards And nothing can or shall content my soul, till I am evend with him, wife for wife. His hatred towards Cassio is more directed. Iago hates Cassio because he has gotten the position oflieutenant even with his lack of experience in the arena as he is a more tactical creating strategies person. More than a spinster, unless the bookish theoric. Iago basically states that Cassios lack of manliness add to his hatred towards him. Each person in the play get manip ulated in a way that only suits them. For example Roderigo is blinded by his come for Desdemona, and is nimble to do anything to win her heat this give Iago the advantage to take his flunk and use it against him.As innocent as Iagos words seem Othello lets Iagos manipulative words counteract with his thinking and this is whereyou could say he has officially grafted the seed making sure he has Othellos ear. As Othello asks for proof Iago is once again able to manipulate Othello by making him hide and hear a conversation Iago has with Cassio. Now will I question Cassio of Bianca, A housewife that by selling her desires, Buys herself borecole and clothes. It is a creature, that dotes on Cassio, as tis the strumpets plague, To beguile many and be beguiled by one.He, when he hears of her, cannot refrain, From the excess of laughter. Here he comes. Iago says this once Othello withdraws andonce Cassio corners him starts discussing Bianca but allows Othello to believe they are discuss ing Desdemona. He whispers so Othello would not hear him and by doing that he agitates Othello and that causes him to be delusional. As mentioned to begin with Cassio is too manipulated by Iago. The first way in which Cassio is deceived is when he get pressured into drinking and then starting a fight which consequently ruins Cassios re delegateation. If I can fasten but one cup upon him, with that which he hath drunk tonight already, Hell be as full of altercate and offense, as myyoung mistress dog. Now my sick fool Roderigo, Whom love hath turned almost the wrong side 1 out, To Desdemona hath tonight caroused, Potations pottle-deep, and hes to watch. Three lads of Cyprus, noble s wholesomeing spirits, That hold their honors in a wary distance, The very elements of this warlike isle, Have I tonight acquit with flowing cups, And they watch too.Now mongst this flock of drunkards, Am I to put our Cassio in some action, That may offend the isle. This is Iagos soliloquy where he act ually reveals his manipulative side. At first, Iago told Cassio heshould drink on behalf of Othello although he knew that he did not want to and was not capable of it. Iago has manipulated Cassio to do something unethical. Othello and Cassio two get exploited by Iago because they both find just, good familiarity and have a hard fourth dimension judging character. Iago acts like he truly cares about Othello by giving him warning signs about Cassio. Iago also fools Cassio into thinking he cares whether he has a good time or not.Another way Iago manipulates Cassio is when he plants the handkerchief in Cassios chambers. I know notneither, I found it in my chamber. I like the work well. Ere it be demanded, As like enough it will, I would have it copied. Take it and do t, and leave me for this time. . Cassio says this when he gives it to Bianca. Cassio has no idea as to how the handkerchief got into his room. Iago left it there to set him up and make it seem as if he is having an affa ir with Desdemona. Iago exploits Cassios limited knowledge since Cassio did not know that the handkerchief last to Desdemona.In both scenarios Iago manipulates Othello and Iago by kail coating the truth fromthem. Iago does feel better after manipulating the characters in the level this is shown throughout the story as Iago manipulates and controls every other character so well that they seem like puppets that he controls. At the end of the play, Iagos manipulation has left a trail of destruction that has killed Othello and Cassio, as well others and has destroyed the lives of many who remain.The motivations and ideas Iago has are very deceptive and cunning, and his ability to trance is very amazing. Iagos actions define of a man who will lay off at nothing until heexacts revenge on everyone who he feels has queer him in one way or another. Shakespeare has presented Iago as a kind and noble soldier he has also been known as honest Iago, this showing that everyone is not as what they seem on the outside. Already wise(p) that Iago has a hatred for his superior Othello and now Cassio Thou toldst me thou didst hold him in thy hate, Said Roderigo. Despise me if I do not, Iago replies.This during the opening scenes in the play. Iago fools Othello by providing ocular proof but didnt allow him to get a line or understand properly.As for Cassio, he used his friendship to plant the handkerchief. Both Othello and Cassio are naive have a hard time judging character, are too proud to believe that someone is perfunctory them and their limited knowledge as to what was going on around them allows Iago to successfully in the end manipulate the mind of Othello and sent him insane and 2 left Cassio in a situation that he didnt belong in. Othello and Cassio were both victims of Iagos manipulation due to the fact that they had something Iago did not. 3 Bibliography William, S. (01. 22. 14). Othello. salient Britain.Oxford University. JONATHAN, L. (28. 01. 2010). HOW DOES IAGO MANIPULATE DIFFERENT CHARACTERS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE HIS AIMS? OTHELLO. RETRIEVED (02. 27. 2014), FROM HTTP//WWW. MARKEDBYTEACHERS. COM/AS-AND-A-LEVEL/ENGLISH/HOW-DOES-IAGO-MA NIPULATE-DIFFERENT-CHARACTERS-IN-ORDER-TO-ACHIEVE-HIS-AIMS. hypertext mark-up language The Theme of Deception in William Shakespeares Othello. Retrieved (02. 27. 2014), from https//sites. google. com/site/thethemeofdeception/home Joshua, A. (2013). Protestant epistemology and Othellos consciousness. Retrieved (03. 01. 14), from Gale Academic One File.

Robert Nozick’s Experience Machine

Good nonpluss atomic number 18 some topic that we spend our feel invariably striving to obtain. Once we gain these well-be nursed experiences, we look for the next probability in order to gain that same great feeling that we had in our last experience. What if someone told you that there was a way to have these good experiences all the time? You could quite literally plug yourself into a work that would give you the great experiences that you have been searching for your whole life. The best plane section is that, once you have decided to plug yourself into this mechanism, you would feel and think that these sullen experiences you are having are existent.Robert Nozick proposes this really scenario in his book Anarchy State, and Utopia. This scenario is cognise as the experience railroad car. (Nozick 1974, 165) Sounds great, doesnt it? I would beg to differ. Is joy really the solitary(prenominal) thing that we spend our life searching for? I would argue that there ar e far many other classic determine other than pure pleasure that is why I would non plug into the experience machine. While Nozicks scenario may seem very tempting, there are several key elements to consider before fashioning a decision to enter this experience machine.Does entering this experience machine correspond with ones set of values? I would show that there are far to a greater extent important things than just pleasure. It is bonnie to opine that very doing real things, and not just simply having the experience of them is a good core value. We want to actually in our real serviceman accomplish our own goals. Attaining these goals are what many people constitute their hold outs for. Aristotle claims, Man is a goal seeking animal. His life only has core if he is reaching out and striving for his goals. (Aristotle, 163) Perhaps this is what we appetite to live our lives striving to achieve our goals. Whether all of our experiences are 100% pleasurable does not calculate. As long as we know that we are actually vivacious our own lives. Clearly, there is opposition to my argument. The opposing party may say something like, Whats the value in the capacity to freely make decisions or the ability to be in the real world if neither of these things allows us to feel good? (Perry, 166) That is a fair question and one that shaft Unger cleverly answers.Unger mentions the tendency for us to buy life restitution as a claim that good experiences are not the only thing that matter to us. We do not get good experiences for paying our life insurance. In fact, we allow for never experience anything that happens to this money. We do this so that our dependents lead benefit from this money. With all this said, we are still very rational in buying this life insurance. (Unger 1990, 166) Therefore, we should value our capacity to make free decisions in the real world over just having good experiences.The life insurance example, that Unger mentions, is a perfect example as to why there are things that matter to us besides pleasure. Nozick sums this up by saying, Perhaps what we desire is to live as ourselves, in contact with reality. (Nozick? 2010, 1) adept can determine Nozicks statement by his insinuation that gaining pure pleasurable experiences are not as valuable as knowing that we are aliveness in contact with reality. We should cherish and desire our lives in our realistic world rancid pleasure experiences have no real value.In our lives, we want to BE accredited peopleto plug in to an experience machine is to commit a form of suicide. (Nozick? 2010, 1) Plugging into an experience in order for you to that experience false happenings would be lying to yourself that this gaining false pleasure is actually being experienced. In the real world, we can actually mold ourselves into the someone that we want to be surface through our real experiences. There is a certain value in actually accomplishing a goal that has been set for yourself. We have free will, unlike in the experience machine.This free will allows us live in contact with reality and gain real life experiences by our choosing. This in turn, allows us to become the person that we want to be. Robert Nozicks experience machine can be extremely tempting when taken at face value. It offers us false pleasure experiences that could possibly seduce and excite many to consider plugging into this machine. However, we must not forget that having false good experiences is not worth throwing away a reality overflowing worlda world in which we have the free will to decide who we will become as a real person. One must never forget this value. This s a complicated matter but Nozick puts it well by saying, We learn that something matters to us in add-on to experience by imagining an experience machine and then realizing that we would not utilisation it. (Nozick 1974, 165) When pondering this concept longer, we realize that we actually want to do certa in things and not just have the false experience of having done them. (Nozick ? 2010, 1) We come to realize that this experience machine, while being tempting, does not correspond with our values and desires. Losing our free will and all contact with reality is not more tempting than being the authors of our own lives.Reference List (Works Cited) 1. )Nozick, Robert. 1974. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. (cited in doorway to Philosophy fifth part Edition. jakes Perry, Michael Bratman, John Martin Fischer. Oxford University Press. 2010. ) 2. )Aristotle. (Quoted in Genius nurturing the intention of the wild, odd, and oppositional child . George T. Lynn, Joanne Barrie Lynn. 2006) http//books. google. com/books? id=LkNsXpMusnwC&pg=PA163&dq=Man+is+a+goal+seeking+animal. +His+life+only+has+meaning+if+he+is+reaching+out+and+striving+for+his+goals. &as_brr=0&cd=1v=onepage&q=Man%20is%20a%20goal%20seeking%20animal. 20His%20life%20only%20has%20meaning%20if%20he%20is%20reaching%20out%20and%20str iving%20for%20his%20goals. &f=false 3. )Perry, John Bratman, Michael Fischer, John Martin. Introduction to Philosophy Fifth Edition. Oxford University Press. 2010. 4. )Unger, Peter. 1990. Identity, Consciousness, and Value. (Cited in Introduction to Philosophy Fifth Edition. John Perry, Michael Bratman, John Martin Fischer. Oxford University Press. 2010. ) 5. )Nozick? , Robert. (quoted in Lewis and Clark Robert Nozick. The Experience Machine 2010. ) http//legacy. lclark. edu/jay/Robert%20Nozick. pdf.

Legalizing Recreational Drugs

A recreational drug is categorized as any substance with pharmacologic effects that is either taken voluntarily for personal pleasure, or for satisf achievemention rather than for medicinal purposes such as cocaine, marijuana, or ecstasy. These types of drugs ar easily found and are drilld by much than than 22 million Ameri notifys ages 12 and older nearly golf-club percent of the U. S. population. If these types of drugs were to be made legal, a positive change in the economy would be the ultimate outcome.In 1961, the United Nations implemented an inter terra firmaal conformity that limited drug roduction and trafficking. The war on drugs, a term that was created by Richard Nixon a decade later, in reference to said treaty, has been going on for over fifty years now. The skipper objective of the war on drugs was to expel all recreational drugs from the country making all of them illegal. however upright want prohibition in 1920, the establishment of these laws were to save the nation from the problems the substance(s) created.However, also like the prohibition of 1920, the laws only served o create and subscribe to organized crime and has done little to effect the publics usage of the substance(s). The U. S. before long has the highest incarceration rate in the world. The bulk of those imprisoned are due to drug-related crimes. The illegal drug trade has been introducing children and teens toa life of crime. They notice that the minimum wages they would legally receive from their unskilled labor at the local Burger King, is furthest from what they could earn buying and selling illegal drugs.By the time children nd teenagers vary high school, most of these students have committed a criminal act by using recreational drugs. These drugs are characterd every solar day and widely available, people see breaking the law as nothing more than playful mischief therefore, undermining our laws authority. In contrast to the spiraling ineffectiveness of the U. S. political relations original approach to controlling the issue of recreational drugs, other countries like rude(a) Zealand and Ireland have taken on a new outlook on the matter.Instead of outlawing he use of recreational drugs, they have decided to do all-encompassing research on these drugs, in effect making sure that they are safe for the publics consumption. They are conducting clinical tests to prove that their products are safe Just like new medicine would be tested in the market. If our government would go along with this new radical movement and legalized recreational drugs, like these other countries, they would no longer have a war on drugs. The money spent on inmates in Jails would be greatly cut since we are not arresting people for drug use.Police can use the time currently monopolized on getting drugs off the street for other, more pressing crimes. Schools could teach their students about wise drug usage alternatively of implementing scare tactics. Tactics su ch as videos and statistics about drug maltreat and its consequences that will only tell you to never purchase or use them are simply in effective that Just leads to ignorant vitiate in the future. All legalized drugs can be sold by conceive worthy companies instead of fellow schoolmates or sketchy street dealers.These drugs can be bought legally, by someone of government consented age, in proper packages witn portion warning labels similar to the way that cigarettes and alcohol are. In conclusion, legalizing recreational drugs goes far beyond right and wrong if you look at the issue in a practical manner. The problem of illegal recreational drugs has only been increase with time. The current policies in place are Just not working. A new, radical approach could be the ultimate solution to the U. S. governments uphill battle. later all, the legalizing has already begun, hasnt it?

A Reflection Paper on Gintong Pamana

The evidences that will demo that Filipinos have a rich culture in pre-colonial period be the silver Jewelries and their applied science. Firstly, Gold is a precious metal that surpasses all ores in the world. It is the most expensive to the point people search for it, fight for it, and as yet kill for it. But that wasnt the case in pre-colonial period. All classes?the nobles, freemen and the two types of slaves ( imbrication Mahayana and lapping salesgirl)?wore gold Jewelries.There are many uses of gold back then, but hey were full an ornament on their bodies, utensils, decorations, orifice ornaments for the deceased when they laid to rest, and more. Lastly, their manual technology on how they molded the gold. In the video, seeing the belts, figurines and the stunning over the shoulder joint halter weighing four kilos of tenuous gold make me pant and deeply think. Just how on earth they made those ornaments? I thought. They made it manually and with the only help of a cruc ible to melt the gold and so they were able to produce works that are superior.The film emphatically challenged my assumptions. I assumed that the Filipinos have poor culture because they dont have the forward-looking technology but I was completely wrong. The folks who inhabited the islands just about a millennium ago were already so advanced In their craftsmanship which was also true at different points of our history in the beautiful textiles, baskets, embroideries, etc. Watching the video made me realize that I do not such grand material inheritance In my house but I do have the heritage of familiarity and values.I already gained It at the time I had my consciousness. I believe that I can preserve them by passing It down to future generations. At least for me, knowledge and values are the most Important heritage because It teaches you moral lessons and It can lead you too better life. We Filipinos are eer searching for our Identity. People are complaining that we are not pu re or natives, uncivilized and messiest but at the time when we see the unrealistic treasures, we realize that Is already the core, which Is who we are.

The Psychological Effect Of Academic Achievement Education Essay

African American trail-age childs arrest the chance to gain academic transaction awards where give lessons-age childs of their ain carry argon their lone competition. Each clip they receive those awards, they are reminded of the supplicates that had to hold been met in army to claim such recognition. The pasture point average demands for these awards average completelyy equal the c tout ensemble back grade point average of their Asiatic and Caucasian workmates. Therefore, the measures of these awards statistic on the wholey pale in examine to the attainments of the Asian and Caucasic pupils. Because there are no tantamount race- particularised awards granted to Asian or Caucasic pupils, it is sportsmanlike that there is a variation in what society expects from pupils of certain races academically.These awards were created by cheeks to actuate these pupils to go on their academic enterprises and possibly accomplish more(prenominal). This follow attempts to measure the cogency of such awards by the specifying academic duty for all pupils, irrespective of race. With research, the paper as well as attempts to find grounds for possibly take downing the criterions for black specific awards. taking in to account all the factors that contribute to a pupil s power, it is concluded that the awards could merely turn out to be uneffective.Michael-Ann enthalpyMs. Emily SigmanSenior Independent UndertakingSpring 2010The Psychological Consequence of faculty member Achievement Awards onAfrican American StudentsOver the past coupling decennaries, public schools and separate organisations in capital of Alabama County, Maryland halt awarded African American and Latino pupils who display proceedings in faculty members, leading, and sports. One of these awards was granted to an jock who maintained a 2.5 variant point norm ( lone.5 postgraduate gearer up the ineligibility grade point average of 2.0 ) an other(a) was rewarded to an African Am erican pupil for geting a grade point average of 3.0. These awards clearly exclude other populations such as Asiatic Americans and Caucasians. How is it that the pupils of those ethnicities, who typically sit on the more successful term of the academic motion spread, are non awarded for similar acquirements? Harmonizing to research, it is statistically more of a rareness for Afro-american and Latino pupils to attain equal degrees of accomplishments when compared to Asians and Caucasians ( NAEP Studies ) . Because such achievement go alongs preposterous with the pupils of these races, the achievements warrant wages, in the sentiment of the organisations giving the awards. Organizations like Montgomery County s African American Festival of Academic Excellence claim that they look to to promote and help African American pupils to endeavor for academic virtuousness by showing pupils with congratulatory certifications ( AAFAE Online ) . However, it needs to be proven whether thes e awards do actuate African-American and Latino pupils to prosecute more academic asperity or whether they adjust the ginmill depression in a expressive style that indicates that it would be excessively hard for them to accomplish more like their Asiatic and Caucasic mated numbers. Furthermore, a tidy sum of the possible relationship among the awards and the achievement spread demands to be considered to measure the necessity and effectivity of these awards in our school systems. Challenged by statistical and psychological theories, the cogency of the awards and their ability to act more motive in African American pupils has proven, so far, to be uneffective.Context for Evaluation of the AwardsIn order to find the legitimacy of these academic awards as motivational tools, true academic excellence must be intendd. A pupil s grade point norm is normally the first listed demand for the awards in inquiry and therefore, apparently, the most of import and simplest manner to mensu rate school performance.. In order to specify academic excellence in footings of a pupil s grade point norm, the national mean grade point average of all noble school pupils should be considered. Harmonizing to an article by Justin pontiff of the Associated Press, in the class 2000, the national norm for GPAs was a 2.94. At that clip, the supra norm public presentation could hold been defined by a GPA that surpasses 3.0. However, it was account that in 2005 over a fifth of the lofty school school population claimed to hold a GPA equivalent to an A norm ( Pope ) . Therefore, throughout this subject area, a GPA of 3.5 is believed to outdo toy academic excellence in today s society, across the racial spectrum. In bypass, awards with this demand are less probably to be effrontery due to racially subjective grounds or differing outlooks of pupils based on race. Students awarded based on this demand would undeniably be considered deserving of the point of reference that comes with academic excellence.Granted that academic excellence should in addition be evaluated on with several other factors-such as each county s assorted methods of devising a class point norm, each instructor s or academic section s assorted rating policies, and the pupil s single attempt and socio economic position to call a few-this survey specifically analyzes academic awards attached chiefly based on grade point norms. Therefore, sorting a GPA that about indicates academic excellence for all races, a 3.5, is necessary to measure the cogency and the effectivity of the awards condition to merely Afro-american pupils.Examples of Awards GivenWhile based on the national norm GPA, an supra norm GPA would be closer to 3.5, most of the race-specific awards do non use up a GPA s tipping point to that estimated pot of academic excellence. in spite of appearance Montgomery County Maryland, the African American Festival of Academic Excellence awards high school pupils in this county w ho earn a accumulative unweighted Grade stratum Average ( GPA ) of 3.0 or above or a cumulative leaden GPA of 3.2 or above for all combined high school old ages through the first semester of the current school twelvemonth . Besides in the Montgomery County country, the Iota Upsilon Lambda Chapter of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, a historically Black fraternity grants the undermentioned awards based on the interchangeable demands Jesse Owens Award for jocks with outstanding devotedness to sports and a minimal GPA of 2.5 capital of Minnesota Robeson Award for minimal 3.0 GPA and the W.E.B Dubois Award for deject limit of 3.5 GPA. Illustrated in Montgomery County, the contrast conspicuously separates the races that typically perform practiced at the high terminal of the accomplishment spread and the races that normally fall short of the criterions of academic excellence. The bulk of the acknowledgment given to African American pupils in Montgomery County does non run into th e criterion of excellence that was based upon the mean GPA in the state. Hence, there seems to be a disagreement between the likely definition of above norm for the pupils across the state ( a class point norm of 3.5 or higher(prenominal) ) and the likely definition of above norm for African American pupils.Although the conditions of the listed academic awards still represent all right accomplishments, tantamount certifications and acknowledgment are non given to Asian and Caucasic pupils of in a similar race-specific manner. Based on informations from the National assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP ) , if organisation s were to give out the aforementioned(prenominal) awards to Caucasian and Asiatic American pupils that met the same demands, the sum of pupils that would have wagess would be overpowering. In contrast, there exists merely a little part of the African American pupil organic structure that reach the criterions of those academic awards. This contrariety in the awarding system for pupils of different races nowadayss itself non merely in Montgomery County, but besides throughout the state. In the San Francisco Unified School District, the soil itself hosts a community steadyt known as the Annual African American Student Honor Roll Parade and Celebration honouring all center and high school pupils with a 3.0 class point norm or above for the past two semesters, along with the 10 top accomplishing pupils from each simple school in the territory ( Robbins ) . However, the degree of acknowledgment seems indefensible when a pupil with a 3.0 does run into the same criterion to which other pupils are held for the non-race specific academic awards they would be eligible to have. super of Schools in that San Francisco territory, Waldemar Rojas, besides yearly presents a particular gold raised plaque, the Academic Excellence Award to all Afro-american center and high school pupils with a 4.0 GPA ( Robbins ) . Even though the conditional G PA of this award seems to transcend the antecedently decided definition of academic excellence, in footings of GPA, there was no grounds that equal acknowledgment was given to pupils of other races who achieved the same.In Seattle Public Schools ( 2003 ) , more than 140 African American pupils from Garfield juicy School were recognized for their academic accomplishment at the KuOnesha Awards. These pupils have achieved a class point norm of 3.0 or higher sponsored by the Parents for African American Student Excellence ( PAASE ) , a multicultural group consecrated to shuting the academic accomplishment spread at Garfield High School ( Seattle s Public Schools ) . Therefore, the incompatibility among the awards given to pupil of assorted races becomes clear when there is no clear tantamount acknowledgment for academic accomplishment given to specifically Asians and Caucasic pupils. It is apparent that there is inequality in the presenting systems across the state the Afro-am erican pupils get awards with less demanding conditions than what the national norm GPA implies the demands should be, while the pupils of the races on the statistically better side of the academic accomplishment spread, receive no acknowledgment for equal accomplishment. The latter pupils must repugn with all races to have more requirement intensive awards ( Divoky 220 ) .Reasons for Race-Specific Academic AwardsIn order to decide the evident disparity, the grounds for presenting second-rate accomplishment ( or achievement deemed mediocre for pupils of other races ) must be analyzed. Why do organisations and school systems feel that it is necessary to allow race-specific academic awards to African American pupils? The security deposit of these lowered outlooks and demands for African American pupils must be argued and evaluated by statistical and historical informations Sandra graham flour, who studied motive in African American pupils, define motive as a perceptual experience o f the likeliness of achieving a end and the value ( affect ) consociated with that end attainment ( 57 ) . so we must dig into the factors that influence this perceptual experience of what can be attained.The deficit of internal motive for the bulk of African American pupils has been the stemma of argument of pedagogues across the state. One theory claims that within the African American pupil community, there is animus towards the high-achieving that stems from cultural associations, making an environment that discourages larning. Therefore, the awards whitethorn function as a physical manner to battle the verbal put-downs that can impede a pupil from accomplishing self-actualization in academe. Harmonizing to a survey performed by the University of Illinois, Afro-american high school pupils who considered themselves really good pupils were shown to be more likely to be the victims of verbal maltreatment from their equals ( Cherry ) . The survey farther suggests that coveri ng with classmate squelchs can do it hard for good pupils to larn while doing it near impossible for behind to catch up ( Cherry ) . Harmonizing Fordham and Ogbu who studied internal cultural prejudice, high accomplishing African American pupils tend to be labeled by their academic strive as pitiful white ( 178 ) . As clarified by Tyson, Darity, and Castellino, the formation of the term, moving white was portion of a larger oppositional civilization constructed by African Americans in response to their history of captivity and favoritism. The oppositional individuality was said to be portion of a cultural orientation toward schooling which exists within the minority community ( Tyson, Darity, and Castellino 583 ) . Thus, some African Americans claim that academic accomplishment should non be extremely valued in the community because such actions have been associated with the exemplification norms of success among Caucasic Americans. Therefore, academic awards, specifically g iven to African American pupils, may hold lowered criterions for retrieval to equal this force against centering in the African American community. The end of the awards in this instance would be to allow the pupil with assurance that what their difficult work in school is worth the possible ridicule because of the hereafter success.School systems and private organisations would make these race-specific awards besides to possibly excite motive when pupils face hard socio-economic and settle environment related issues that result in less drive to win. As indicated by the U.S. census Bureau s survey of kids younger than 18 life in households, 27 per centum of Latino kids and 30 per centum of black kids vital in poorness, compared with more or less 13 per centum of white kids. Harmonizing Graham research of the motive of African American pupils old societal scientistsafound it easy to associate differences between Blacks and white persons in household construction to differences in their accomplishment demands ( 60 ) . Graham cited George Mussen as holding conducted first comparative racial survey on the demand to accomplish, or a pupil s motive. Thereafter, 18 more surveies arose that fundamentally tested for the same information, the degree of each race of pupils demand to accomplish. Seven out of 19 surveies, or 36 % , reported Whites to be higher in the demand to accomplish than Blacks, ( Graham 61 ) . Graham goes on to reason that even though African Americans appeared to be lower in the accomplishment motivation in these surveies, they reported educational and vocational aspirations equal to or higher than their White icy numbers. This means that they were merely every bit likely as Caucasians to gormandize a bead on to travel to college and to come in high position professions ( Graham 66 ) Therefore the awards could be given to tote up forth this demand to accomplish that compels pupils to hold higher aspirations and academic successes and whence associate the awards with the wagess that difficult work brings in the hereafter such post-secondary control and a steady occupation. Graham continues to indicate out the concrete correlational statistics between hapless socio-economic position and low motive. Therefore, the awards could supply the fosterment that their economic state of affairs knees.The Research Center for the organisation known as Editorial Projects in Education asserts that, the disparities in accomplishment are much attributed to socioeconomic factors . As referenced earlier, Graham observe that motive was lower among pupils of certain socioeconomic position, non pupils in a rummy race. Therefore, the academic awards do non necessitate to be race specific because race entirely has no correlativity to the deficiency of motive. While the proportions of African American and Latino pupils who achieve good academically continue to increase, there is still a clear disparity between those who are reward ed for their accomplishments with relation to ethnicity. Illustrated in Montgomery County, the disagreement conspicuously separates the races that typically perform good at the high terminal of the accomplishment spread and the races that normally fall short of the criterions of academic excellence. Harmonizing to the U.S. Census Bureau s survey of kids younger than 18 life in households, 27 per centum of Latino kids and 30 per centum of black kids live in poorness, compared with approximately 13 per centum of white kids. Graham goes on to reason that even though African Americans appeared to be lower in the accomplishment motivation in these surveies, they reported educational and vocational aspirations equal to or higher than their White opposite numbers. This means that they were merely every bit likely as Caucasians to draw a bead on to travel to college and to come in high position professions ( Graham 66 ) The Research Center for the organisation known as Editorial Projects in Education asserts that, the disparities in accomplishment are frequently attributed to socioeconomic factors . As referenced earlier, Graham noticed that motive was lower among pupils of certain socioeconomic position, non pupils in a peculiar race. Therefore, the academic awards do non necessitate to be race specific because race entirely has no correlativity to the deficiency of motive. Therefore, the deficiency of motive among African American pupils is non a subscriber to the accomplishment but the deficit of thrust in pupils who live in hapless economic conditions remains the job. Unfortunately, African Americans and Hispanics go on to organize the bulk of the economically down-trotted. Conversely, we must besides retrieve that non all African Americans are in economic misadventure while there are several Caucasian and Asiatic American pupils in hapless socioeconomic state of affairss who can non have awards that encourage to them endeavor academically despite their state of affairs further set uping inequality within our school systems.The Academic Achievement GapAlthough it has been concluded that African American pupils are capable of bring forthing adequate motive for great accomplishment, despite some possible obstructions, the statistics still problem pedagogues as there still clear differences between the racial groups of pupils ( see Figure1 ) .Fig. 1. Swerve in Grade appoint Average by Race/Ethnicity, NAEP 2005 HSTS Grade Point Average, Entire GPA. NAEP. U.S. Department of Education. Web. 3 Jan. 2010. & lt hypertext transfer protocol //nationsreportcard.gov/hsts_2005/hs_gpa_3a_1.asp? tab_id=tab3 & A subtab_id=Tab_1 chart & gt .The mean GPA for Asian and Pacific Islander pupils throughout the U.S. surpasses all other groups with a 3.16, a class point norm higher than most of the demands for the African American particular academic awards. Black pupils remain at the bottom terminal of the GPA spectrum with a GPA of 2.69. Taking this figure in to account, school systems and private organisations that create the academic awards in inquiry clearly must hold made the demands low pickle to do certain that there would be some feasible campaigners for such awards. But if these organisations continue to further the thought that 3.0 is an academic range, some African American pupils will neer make above that saloon. By puting the saloon at such a degree, I hypothesize that it sends a depicted object to African American pupils that they are hardly capable of making their opposite numbers mean tonss.Why Awards with Mediocre Requirements Do Not Work As Incentives for EducationNo affair what the grounds are for presenting African American pupils for mean work, the unchanging effects of such acknowledgment and attending on mediocre accomplishments have yet to be to the full examined. Based on psychological inclinations, essay to put extrinsic value on instruction, particularly through the original of a simple piece of paper, in attempt to supply an inducing to larn proves uneffective with striplings ( Plotnik 333 ) . In order to bring forth more of an intrinsic desire to accomplish, Henry Murray s original theory on human motive must be understood. He observed that persons change in their inclination or desire to make things good and deal against a criterion of excellence ( Graham 60 ) . Alternatively of seek to make an inducement to larn, pedagogues who desire to shut the accomplishment spread should harry with the intrinsic motives within pupils by puting the academic accomplishment saloon even higher.

Low Socio-Economic Status People and Their Impact on University

Low socio-economic precondition populate and their impact on university interest, resource of university and choice of course in Australia There seem to be resolved inequalities in Australian extravagantlyer procreation participation. Over the last dickens decades the participation metrical composition for depressed socio-economic placement theme have just now slightly improved despite improvements in access (Centre for the Study of higher(prenominal) Education, 2008, p. 15).After the Bradley report which was written following the review of higher training dodge in 2008, the Australian government has introduced many policies and financial assistance for this demographic in hope of increasing the participation rank to 20 per penny by 2020 (Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations, 2008, p. xiv). However, despite steady increases in over entirely 3rd participation, the inequalities still remain. People with low socio-economic status be non as suc cessful in applying or gaining access to much prestigious institutions as those with medium or high socio-economic status be (James, 2007, p. ). It is not solo participation at university level that is affected with this imbalance. Signifi sightt social differences basin be seen across antithetical universities as well as different fields of study (Reay et al. 2001, p. 858). Study by Ferguson and Simpson (2011) has entrap, and James (2007) agrees, that scholars with low socio-economic primer are not so successful in gaining entry into the courses with to a greater extent competitive entry requirements like medicine, law or architecture.These students were more concentrate in courses such as rearing, nursing, IT and business (James, 2007, p. 7). James (2007, p. 7) believes that the same is straight for the high demand universities, where low socio-economic status students hold a plowshare of but 11 per cent of all places. These differences can be notwithstandinghand edly accredited to the geographical location of these more prestigious universities as they are mainly situated in the metropolitan areas. However, in that respect are other(a) occurrenceors that contribute to this imbalance more so.Some experts believe that students who come from outraged backgrounds may not aspire to attend these universities believing that it is not an achievable goal, or they may not perform faculty memberally well enough for more competitive courses. Other studies indicate that it is in fact the psychological factors which do socioeconomic imbalances in higher didactics participation. This paper will mind at range of participation, aspirations, aptitude and psychological factors and their affect on the conclusiveness devising appendage of low socio-economic status students when it comes to higher education.It will point that there is enough supporting evidence to conclude that this demographic does not have a lot of impact on university particip ation, choice of university or choice of course. While overall higher education participation rates have improved, socio-economically disadvantaged masses are least equal group in Australian higher education. James (2007, p. 2) states that social class is the maven most reliable predictor of the likelihood that individuals will participate in higher education at virtually stage in their lives.Undergraduate Applications, Offers and Acceptances floor from the Department of Education, Employment and Work Relations, states that in 2011, 18. 6 per cent of all applicants were from low socio-economic backgrounds, compared to 30. 6 per cent of applicants from high socio-economic group (DEEWR, 2011, p. 15). It also reports that even though applications by low socio-economic status applicants were up by 3. 4 per cent they were less likely to result in an offer. Low socio-economic status applicants had an offer rate of 79. per cent compared to 83. 5 per cent for applications from high soc io-economic status applicants (DEEWR, 2011, p. 15). Even though the rates for applications and offers to higher education for low socio-economic demographic have slightly increased, according to DEEWR (2011), this demographic continues to be the least represented at university level. One of the reasons that could explain the current higher education participation numbers by people from low socio-economic background is aspiration.It has to be considered as one of the principal issues in students decision making parade. agree to the English dictionary, to aspire, it means to have a strong want to achieve something. Consequently, to attend university, an individual inescapably to aspire to do so. Bowden and Doughney (2010), in their study of secondary students in the western suburbs of Melbourne, have found that those with spurn socio-economic status have less aspirations to attend university. Instead, they aspire to attend a vocational training institution or gain employment. Dif ference in spirations among different demographics is mainly influenced by individuals social systems, such as class, ethnicity, gender, customs and religion (Bowden & Doughney, 2010, p. 119). Furthermore, in his research for the Department of Education, scholarship and Training, James has found that there is a strong relationship in the midst of parental education levels and young peoples educational aspirations (DEST, 2002, p. 51). Bowden and Doughneys study results are consistent with James findings, as well as Bourdieus concept of cultural capital, which Harker et al. (cited in Webb et al. 002, p. 22) defined as culturally valued taste and consumption pattern. Therefore, it can be said that those who come from low socio-economic background are at a disadvantage when it comes to entering higher education due to the fact that they were not brought up with the idea of go to university. Academic achievement or students ability is seen as another important factor that needs to be considered when studying inequalities in higher education. This is because in Australia, university enrolment process relies heavily on individuals get innish achievement.Students academic record is seen as a main way of entry into the university and acquiring all the benefits that come with having a degree. Teese (cited in Ferguson & Simpson, 2011, p. 33) proposed that almost half of low socio-economic status students obtain scores in the lowest academic bands and that only small number of these students receives high academic scores. Ferguson and Simpson conclude that this is due to fewer resources, such as educational, cultural, social and financial, that are available for this group of students, kind of than lack of ability.Cardak and Ryan (2009) have come to the similar conclusion. They have found that academic scores of low socio-economic status students are lower due to the fact that their early educational achievements are also lower in analogy to the more advantaged st udents and their achievements (Cardak & Ryan, 2009, p. 444). Both Ferguson and Simpsons and Cardak and Ryans studies agree that students with same ability and same academic scores have the same likelihood of attending university regardless of their socio-economic status.They also agree that the quality of academic results rises with the status. Thus, as they dont have access to as many resources as their more privileged peers, low socio-economic status students are at a disadvantage when it comes to securing a place at university. Although aspirations and academic ability are rattling important factors in higher education inequality, it could be said that the psychological factors have most of the influence on persons decision to attend university.Students from low socio-economic background are more conscious of the domain of barriers to their entering higher education (Harris, 2005, p. 4) and are not likely to play diverse influences that might persuade them to participate in h igher education (DEST, 2002, p. 50). James believes that students from this demographic are more likely to be probationary about their academic ability and achievement and they would possibly be lacking(p) financial support (DEST, 2002, p. 50).He also states that they have less confidence in parental support and a stronger interest in earning an income as currently as they leave school. The perceptions and beliefs held by people with low socio-economic status can all be regarded as habitus, which is described as embodied predispositions that are learned early in the life of a young person (Harris, 2005, p. 4). As they lack case models, it is very difficult for these young people to see university participation as something that is relevant to them or something they could achieve (Harris, 2005, p. ). In their UK based study of working class secondary students, Reay et al. (2001, p. 865) have found that this group of students were choosing universities where they were most likely to fit in, as they felt more comfortable attending such university and where they could find intellectual and social peers. mental factors play an important role in the decision making process due to the emotions attached to them. Low socio-economic status students seem to have a lot more to consider when deciding on their higher education pathway.As the evidence would suggest, students from low socio-economic background, have very little impact on university participation, choice of university or choice of course at present time. According to the government reports, students from disadvantaged backgrounds are highly under-represented at university level. Thus, higher education in Australia is far from being level playing field for some demographics. The most current review of higher education shows that the participation rates at university in general, as well as different courses and institutions are considerably lower for those ith low socio-economic status. The difference betwe en low and high socio-economic status groups is quite significant, despite the governments efforts to improve these numbers by implementing new policies and strategies. As discussed in this paper, the reasons for inequality are vary and complex. However, most of the researchers agree that it is the family attitudes that are at the core of the problem. These attitudes have abundant influence on students decision making process. However, there is always a possibility for change.Australian universities, in conjunction with schools and governments help, need to focus on developing new social networks and transforming see beliefs of disadvantaged students. These changes could be achieved through the use of early interventions and positive role models during middle schooling. Only with successful attitude changes will the higher education participation numbers improve for this particular demographic. References Bowden, MP & Doughney, J 2010, Socio-economic status, cultural diversity an d the aspirations of secondary students in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia, High Education, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 115-129, SpringerLink, viewed 2 October 2012. Cardak, BA & Ryan, C 2009, Participation in higher education in Australia equity and access, Economic Record, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 433-448, Wiley Online Library 2012 Full Collection, viewed 25 September 2012. Centre for the Study of higher(prenominal) Education 2008, Participation and equity A Review of the participation in higher education of people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and Indigenous people, Universities Australia and the Centre for the Study of Higher Education (CSHE), University of Melbourne, viewed 4 October 2012, Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations 2008, Review of Australian higher education Executive summary report prepared by D Bradley, H Noonan & B Scales, Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations (DEEWR), Canberra, pp. xi-xviii, viewed 25 Septemb er 2012,

Women’s Rights

Should altogether wo manpower be equal to their status, opportunities and rights? either woman should defecate the skill to express their freedoms and rights, merit equal treat ment within their society and region, and either country needs to reinforce the rules for women. There is no dignity and deference for women universally. Gender equality is still out of reach for m both women cosmeawide. Presently, women stick out gained legal rights throughout the world. The womens rights movement changed society into what we know today. They give birth allowed Canadian women to obtain a certain formal equality.They take over to a fault allowed women to vote and been given equal pay for equal cogitation, however women had to struggle through difficult times to develop through discrimination in the nineteenth century. In the past, women did non check the rights and freedoms as most men and were tough harshly. In former(a) words, women had almost no rights at all. They were n on allowed to vote, they could non hold in public offices, and were non given detainment of their children if the couple had a divorce agreement. As a result, they were mainly seen as homemakers. Women were inferior to men in many different ways.Women did not produce any property rights and once she was wed, she was no longer allowed to own any land or property. A man could sell his house and mete out all the money for himself, and leave his wife and child behind with nothing. Womenfolk were not considered as race. The womens rights movement helped them throughout the country by flip laws stating that women could own a part of her husbands estate. Women were observed as socially and politically inferior and unable to function at the aforementioned(prenominal) level as men, however with the rise of the civil rights movement, this finally do women equal as men.In the 1920s, the Roaring Twenties spread sexual urge equality dramatically. They began to take on a lot jobs, an d wear to a greater extent robustness clothes. Rebellious and bold women, known as flappers, managed to exemplify womens case in a social change by expressing equality with men. They turn up that they could be more sophisticated than men and can achieve great success. However, women were still paid less than men because they were cheaper to employ. In 1917, the military voters arrange gave women, who worked in the military, the right to vote.In 1927, the Famous Five, which included, Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby, Louis McKinney and Henrietta Edwards, asked the Supreme salute of Canada one question Are women considered to be passel? The term people did not include women, thus the court announced that women were indeed people too. This legal ruling established that women were to be regarded as equal to men under the law. The Famous Five is the reason why Canada is able to have women vote, thus they ar very important for womens rights.All women have the right for freedom, justice and the pursuit of happiness. They must be considered equal and that they deserve the respect and dignity as all humans get. Women throughout the world are suffering because of the rules that are enforced in a ad hoc area and region. If countries reinforce the rules for women, the world go forth be a cleanse place for women all around the world. Countries can reinforce the rules by educating women further. Those who are well tamed will have fewer children, earn more money, and will get more job opportunities.Their educational achievements can have ripple effects within their family and across the generations. Women with equal access to education, dressing and means can become a great resort. They can climbing the living standards of their families and inject new life into the local economy. Also, investing in womens education reduces poverty. Countries can also aid and support women by providing them with new job opportunities. Women who stay home become menta lly disturbed and tired. Women who have a job will have new find out and will earn money to survive.It also improves self-value and will improve self-confidence. It will also help the government and the economy to grow exponentially. Also, all women should get equal pay for equal work. In nearly either country, women work for longer hours yet get paid less and are more likely to live in poverty. Economic disparities persist partly because of the recreational work within families and communities and that becomes their downfall because they face discrimination in the sparing sphere. Women in many countries still lack to own property because of sexual practice discrimination.Most countries should reinforce these rules and make women live in a divulge civilization. Every woman deserves equal handling within their society. Women in other countries act up to have lower education, fewer rights, and less income. Despite the successes of empowering women, many issues still exist in a ll areas of life, ranging from the cultural, political to the economic. They suffer verbal, emotion, strong-arm and sexual abuse. In Saudi Arabia, women are lacking the rights that they are as human beings because of the Sharia Law.The Sharia Law is a law that neglects the rights and freedoms of every woman in Saudi Arabia. The law makes it hard to live. They are not allowed to drive and cannot dress in public with anything except for a burka. If a woman was caught without a burka, she could obtain a severe punishment with 40 whip lashes. No orthogonal based law or apparitional law should be allowed to encroach on womens rights. India also discriminates against women. In India, lots of women die because of rape. It is an unforgettable moment that everyone would like to avoid at all cost.They will not be able to live a normal life and deal with anxiety for the rest of their life. Women are treated as a sexual object because men do not respect and value women in India. Dowry is anot her problem in India. This is when the property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their espousal, however if the bride is unable to pay, she is usually married off and mentally and physically tortured by their husband. Afghanistan is another country that disrespects womens rights. Under the Taliban rule, women were unsheathed of all human rights.Women cannot seek for education because the Talibans dont educate them in any way. They do not want them to be educated and intelligent because it would threaten the male dominance. Women are also not allowed to go to work and are forced to stay home. Afghanistan has the highest rate of violence towards women. The Taliban permits and encourages marriage for young girls under the age of 16. Most women in foreign countries, such as India, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia, are forced to give up their ambitions, evidently because the men feel that it is right to leave it as is.They cannot express themselves freely and are treated un lawfully. Women have endured many hardships and unfathomable oppressions. Despite all the troubles throughout each country and society, women have shown a tremendous resiliency and human spirit. In conclusion, each and every woman deserves respect and dignity. Every woman should have the ability to express their freedoms and rights, deserve equal treatment within their society and region, and most country needs to reinforce the rules for women.Women continue to have lower education, fewer rights, and less income within their society. In the 19th century, women were not allowed to hold in a political office and married women had no property of their children and had no role in society. Womenfolk in foreign countries are treated wrongfully and improperly. If countries reinforce the law, they can live a better life so that they can succeed as much as men. All women and men are created equal and that they have equal value and should be accorded to equal treatment eternally.