Banning Corporal Punishment in Schools

What is corporal punishment? The National Association of School Nurses defines it as â€Å"the intentional infliction of physical pain as a method of changing behavior. It may include methods such as hitting, slapping, punching, kicking, pinching, shaking, use of various objects (paddles, belts, sticks, or others), or painful body postures. Still Legal in 22  States While corporal punishment such as paddling, spanking and hitting students disappeared from private schools by the 1960s, according to an article published by NPR in December 2016,  it is still permitted in public schools in 22  states, which can be broken down into 7 states that simply dont prohibit it and 15 states that expressly permit it. The following seven states still have laws on their books that do not prohibit corporal punishment: IdahoColoradoSouth DakotaKansasIndianaNew HampshireMaine The following 15 states expressly permit corporal punishment in schools: AlabamaArizonaArkansas  FloridaGeorgiaKentuckyLouisianaMississippiMissouriNorth CarolinaOklahomaSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasWyoming What is ironic about this situation is that no accredited teachers college in the U.S. advocates the use of corporal punishment. If they dont teach the use of corporal punishment in the classroom, why is the use of it still legal? The United States is the only nation in the western world which still permits corporal punishment in its schools. Canada banned corporal punishment in 2004. No European country permits corporal punishment. So far, the United States Congress has not acted on requests from organizations such as Human Rights Watch and the American Civil Liberties Union to enact federal legislation banning corporal punishment. Since education is widely viewed as a local and state matter, any further banning of corporal punishment will probably have to occur at that level. If, on the other hand, the federal government were to withhold funding from states where corporal punishment is legal, the local authorities might be more inclined to pass the appropriate laws. Rationale for Corporal Punishment Corporal punishment in one form or another has been around schools for centuries. It certainly is not a new issue. In the Roman Family children learned by imitation and corporal punishment. Religion also plays a role in the history of disciplining children by spanking or hitting them. Many people interpret Proverbs 13:24 literally when it states: Spare the rod and spoil the child. Why Should Corporal Punishment Be Banned? Research has shown that corporal punishment in the classroom is not an effective practice, and can cause more harm than good. Research has also shown that more students of color and students with disabilities experience instances of corporal punishment more than their peers. The research shows that children who are beaten and abused are more likely to be prone to depression, low self-esteem and suicide. The simple fact that corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure is not part of any education curriculum indicates that educators at every level know that it has no place in the classroom. Discipline can and should be taught be example and non-physical consequences. Most leading professional associations oppose corporal punishment in all its forms.  Corporal punishment is not allowed in the military, mental institutions or prisons, either. I learned years ago about corporal punishment from a man who was an expert in the field. I co-founded a high school in Nassau, Bahamas in 1994. As deputy director of the school, one of the first issues I had to deal with was discipline. Dr. Elliston Rahming, the owner and director of the school, was a criminologist. He had very firm views about the subject: there would be no corporal punishment of any kind. We had to find better, more effective ways than beating to enforce discipline. In the Bahamas, beating children was, and still, is an accepted disciplinary method in the home and in the school. Our solution was to develop a Code of Discipline which basically penalized unacceptable behavior according to the severity of the infraction. Everything from dress code to drugs, weapons and sexual infractions was covered. Remediation and resolution, retraining and reprogramming were the goals. Yes, we did get to the point on two or three occasions where we actually did suspend and expel st udents. The biggest problem we faced was breaking the cycle of abuse. What Happens in Americas Private Schools? Most private schools frown on the use of corporal punishment. Most schools have found more enlightened and effective methods for dealing with disciplinary issues. Honor codes and clearly spelled out results for infractions combined with contract law give private schools an edge in dealing with discipline. Basically, if you do something seriously wrong, you will get suspended or expelled from school. You will have no recourse because you have no legal rights other than those in the contract which you signed with the school. Things Parents Can Do What can you do? Write the state education departments of the states which still permit corporal punishment. Let them know that you oppose its use. Write your legislators and urge them to make corporal punishment illegal. Blog about local incidents of corporal punishment whenever appropriate. Organizations Opposed to Corporal Punishment in Schools The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry opposes the use of corporal punishment in schools and takes issue with laws in some states legalizing such corporal punishment and protecting adults who use it from prosecution for child abuse. The American School Counselor Association: ASCA seeks the elimination of corporal punishment in schools. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that corporal punishment in schools be abolished in all states by law and that alternative forms of student behavior management be used. The National Association of Secondary School Principals believes that the practice of corporal punishment in schools should be abolished and that principals should utilize alternative forms of discipline. The National Center for the Study of Corporal Punishment and Alternatives (NCSCPA) tracks information about this subject and puts out updates. It also offers an interesting reading list and other materials. Interview With Jordan Riak Jordan Riak is the Executive Director of Project NoSpank, an organization which is dedicated to the eradication of corporal punishment in our schools. In this article, he responds to some of our questions regarding corporal punishment. How Prevalent is Corporal Punishment in Schools? With the exception of those who are directly affected, most people are unaware that in more than 20  states, teachers and school administrators have the legal right to physically batter pupils. Children are sent home with bruised buttocks daily in untold numbers. There is a downward trend in the number of paddlings annually, which is encouraging, but still a small comfort to victims. Editors note: outdated data has been removed, but recent studies have shown that more than 100,000 students were physically punished in 2013-2014.  But the true numbers are surely higher than the records show. Since the data is supplied voluntarily, and since those reporting arent especially proud of what they are admitting to, under-reporting is inevitable. Some schools decline to participate in the Office for Civil Rights survey. When I inform people of the extensive use of corporal punishment in the schools, they almost invariably react with astonishment. Those who remember the paddle from their own school days tend to assume (erroneously) that its use had long since faded into history. Those who are fortunate enough to have attended schools where corporal punishment wasnt used or who lived in the states where bans were in effect are incredulous when presented with information about its current use. The following anecdote is illustrative. I was invited to address a class of students at San Francisco State University who were preparing to become school counselors. Some in the group already had teaching experience. At the conclusion of my presentation, one of the students—a teacher—opined that surely I was misinformed about the situation in California. Corporal punishment just isnt allowed here and hasnt been for years, she flatly insisted. I knew otherwise. I asked her where she had attended sch ool and in which districts she had worked. As I expected, the places she named all had district-wide policies against the use of corporal punishment. She was unaware that in neighboring communities students were being paddled legally. Paddlers dont advertise, and one cant blame her for not knowing. The use of corporal punishment by public school teachers in California became illegal on January 1, 1987. In the United States, there is a long-standing gentlemans agreement between government, the media, and the educational establishment to avoid any mention of teacher violence. Typical of such taboos, adherents not only refrain from entering forbidden territory but come to believe that no such territory exists. An indignant correspondent wrote me the following: In my twenty years as a teacher in Texas, I never saw one student paddled. Strictly speaking, he might have been telling the truth about what he hadnt seen, but its hard to believe he was unaware of what was going on all around him. Recently I heard this on the radio. An author who had written about sports heroes influence as role models on youth was just concluding an interview and was beginning to field listeners calls. One caller recounted his experience at high school where a coach routinely beat up players. He told how one student who had been victimized by the coach later encountered him in public and punched him. The show s host abruptly cut off the call, and said laughingly, Well, there you have the darker side. Sounds like a movie by____ and hastened to the next caller. Rest assured, the United States does not have a monopoly on denial in this regard. At a conference on child abuse in Sydney in 1978, when I raised a question from the floor about why none of the presenters had talked about caning in schools, the moderator replied, It seems the things you want to talk about, Mr. Riak, are not the things we want to talk about. At that same conference, where I had set up a table to distribute anti-corporal punishment literature, a member of the New South Wales education department told me this: The corporal punishment controversy that youve been stirring up here is causing more broken friendships in the department than any other issue I can remember. Caning is no longer legal in Australian schools, and hopefully, old friendships have mended. How Do You Define Corporal Punishment? There never has been, and probably never will be, a definition of corporal punishment that doesnt stir debate. The American College Dictionary, 1953 Edition, defines corporal punishment as physical injury inflicted on the body of one convicted of a crime, and including the death penalty, flogging, sentence to a term of years, etc. The California Education Code, 1990 Compact Edition, Section 49001 defines it as the willful infliction, or willfully causing the infliction of physical pain on a pupil. Proponents of corporal punishment typically define the practice in personal terms, i.e., what they experienced when they were children, and what they now do to their children. Query any spanker on what it means to corporally punish a child and you will hear autobiography. When one attempts to distinguishing corporal punishment from child abuse, the confusion deepens. Lawmakers, as a rule, duck this conundrum. When it is forced on them, they act as though they are walking on eggs as they grope for language doesnt cramp the style of child punishers. Thats why legal definitions of child abuse are models of vagueness—an heroic accomplishment for those trained in the art of exactitude—and a boon to lawyers who defend abusers. School corporal punishment in schools United States typically involves requiring the student to bend forward as far as possible thus making the protruding posterior a convenient target for the punisher. That target is then struck one or more times with a flat board called a paddle. This causes sharp upward jolts to the spinal column accompanied by bruising, soreness and discoloration of the buttocks. Since the locus of impact is close to the anus and genitals, the sexual component of the act is unarguable. Nevertheless, possible adverse effects on the developing sexuality of young victims are ignored. Furthermore, the possibility that certain punishers are using the act as a pretext for gratifying their own perverse sexual appetites is also ignored. When these risk factors are cited, corporal punishment apologists typically dismiss the suggestion with derisive laughter and retorts such as, Oh, comon, please! Gime a break! Forced exercise is one of several unacknowledged forms of corporal punishment. Though the practice is unequivocally condemned by physical education experts, it is widely used, even in states that ban corporal punishment. It is a staple of locked facilities where troubled youth are corralled ostensibly for the purpose of being reformed. Not allowing children to void bodily waste when the need arises is another form of corporal punishment. It is physically and psychologically dangerous in the extreme, but its use against schoolchildren of all ages is ubiquitous. Punitive restriction of movement also qualifies as corporal punishment. When done to incarcerated adults, it is deemed a violation of human rights. When done to schoolchildren, its called discipline. In school environments where buttocks beating is key to student management and discipline, all the myriad lesser insults to which children are prey such as ear twisting, cheek squeezing, finger jabbing, arm grabbing, slamming against the wall and general manhandling are apt to pass unchronicled and unrecognized for what they really are. Article updated by Stacy Jagodowski

Phl 458 Week 4 Individual Assignment Famous Thinkers Paper

Twentieth Century Thinkers PHL/458 Twentieth Century Thinkers The Twentieth Century, the year 1901, proved to be a time of change, brilliance, dedication, and new-found technology (2011). From quill pens to ink pens, horse-drawn carriages to gas powered engines, slavery and segregation of Blacks and Whites to the Civil Rights movement, and from handwriting on tablets to storing important information in a computer; the Twentieth Century made a tremendous amount of positive contributions to society. The contributions made in the Twentieth Century are often over-looked and taken for granted. Americans in particular have become somewhat spoiled with†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech given by Martin Luther King captivated the hearts of individuals supporting the Civil Rights cause. His solutions and ideas were implemented widely and had a huge impact on rights among the White and Black America. In 1950 King, and the NAACP assisted in the â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education,† in Topeka, Kansas, which led to t he acceptance of Black Americans in all White public schools (PBS, 2001). The thousands of marches and protests he led among the United States proved that one man can indeed make a difference. Bill Gates is also a man who made a difference in the Twentieth Century, though his passion in the beginning of his career came strictly from knowledge and intelligence. Gates is described by Who’s Who in the Twentieth Century as a â€Å"US businessman who co-founded Microsoft Corporation, which in the 1980s became the leading computer software producer.† In 2008, Microsoft was, according to this same source, accused of illegal activities, which led to Gates departure at Microsoft (Phillips, 2008). After Microsoft fell through for Gates, he advanced on to study philanthropy, which is a corporation or individual (s) donate to the goodwill of humanity. Bill Gates, still possessing ties with the Microsoft cooperation could do this combining his newfound wealth and his intelligence (Time Magazine, 2008). An article from Think Big Magazine quotes from Time, â€Å"For many years,Show MoreRelatedPHL 458 Complete Class Week 1 - 5 – All Assignments, Presentations, DQs – A+ Graded Course Material1177 Words   |  5 PagesPHL 458 Complete Class Week 1 - 5 – All Assignments, Presentations, DQs – A+ Graded Course Material Click on the Link Below to Purchase A+ Work for PHL458 http://hwminute.com/downloads/phl-458-whole-wks-1-5-dqs-assignments-amaterial/ Week 1 Individual Critical Thinking and Society Exercise Write 150- to 200 words on each of the following topics: †¢ Describe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically

Introduction Of Fiber Optics Essay Example For Students

Introduction Of Fiber Optics Essay Fiber OpticsAssignmentMany modern medical materials and equipment work on a principle which isbeyond the capacity of human transducers. Comment and discuss the working principles of an endoscope, uteroscopeor a rectoscope showing the illuminating path, the image path, transmission pathand the liquid transfer or operating instrument ducts, showing the position ofsuitable valves. This will therefore explain how light travels through an optical fibreand show how such fibres are used in medicinal equipment either to transmitlight or to bring back images from within a patient. ContentsFibre OpticsFibre-Optic BundlesCoherent and Incoherent BundlesTransimission efficiency and resolutionTypes of Fibres: Single mode or Multimode ?Fibre PropertiesFibre-Optic EndoscopyIntroductionThe Fibre-Optic EndoscopeSome Applications for Fibre-Optic EndoscopyReferencesFibre OpticsA relatively new technology with vast potential importance, fibre optics, is thechannelled transmission of light through hair-thin glass fibres. The clear advantages of fibre optics are too often obscured by concerns thatmay have been valid during the pioneering days of fibre, but that have sincebeen answered by technical advances. Fibre is fragileAn optical fibre has greater tensile strength than copper or steel fibres of thesame diameter. It is flexible, bends easily, and resists most corrosiveelements that attack copper cable. Optical cables can withstand pulling forcesof more than 150 pounds. Fibre is hard to work withThis myth derives from the early days of fibre optic connectors. Earlyconnectors where difficult to apply; they came with many small parts that couldtax even the nimble fingered. They needed epoxy, curing, cleaving and polishing. On top of that, the technologies of epoxy, curing, cleaving and polishing werestill evolving. Today, connectors have fewer parts, the procedures for termination are wellunderstood, and the craftsperson is aided by polishing machines and curing ovensto make the job faster and easier. Even better, epoxyless connectors eliminate the need for the messy and time-consuming application of epoxy. Polishing is an increasingly simple,straightforward process. Pre-terminated cable assemblies also speedinstallation and reduce a once (but no longer) labour-intensive process. Fibre Optic BundlesIf light enters the end of a solid glass rod so that the light transmitted intothe rod strikes the side of the rod at an angle O, exceeding the critical angle,then total internal reflection occurs. The light continues to be internallyreflected back and forth in its passage along the rod, and it emerges from theother end with very little loss of intensity. This is the principle in fibre optics of which long glass fibres of very smallcross-sectional area transmit light from end to end, even when bent, withoutmuch loss of light through their side walls. Such fibres can then be combinedinto bundles of dozens to thousands of fibres for the efficient conveyance oflight from one (often inaccessible) point to another. If the glass fibre comes into contact with a substance of equal or higherrefractive index, such as an adjacent glass fibre, dirt or grease, then totalinternal reflection does not occur and light is lost rapidly by transmissionthrough the area of contact. To avoid such leakage and to protect the fibres,they are clad in glass skins of refractive index lower than that of the fibrecore. As the angle of incidence I increases, Rincreases and O ( = (n/2) -R)decreases. Eventually, O reaches C, the critical angle, and any furtherreduction in O results in transmission through the side wall. The expression n0 sin Imax is called the numerical aperture of the fibre. Atypical value for this might be 0.55, making Imax about 33o in air. SometimesImax is referred to as the half-angle of the fibre, since it describes halfthe field of view acceptably transmitted. The numerical aperture (and henceImax) can be increased by using a core of high refractive index. However, theseglasses have a lower efficiency of transmission, especially at the blue end ofthe spectrum, and are not commonly used. .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 , .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .postImageUrl , .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 , .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9:hover , .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9:visited , .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9:active { border:0!important; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9:active , .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9 .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b218f752235a9266fd3d91d66934ca9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marvell vs Herrick EssayThe above analysis applies only to a straight line fibre. If the fibre is curved,the angles of incidence vary as the light travels along the fibre and lossesoccur if the angles fall below the critical angle. In practice, a radius ofcurvature down to about twenty times the fibre diameter can be tolerated withoutsignificant losses. Coherent and Incoherent BundlesAn ideal fibre transmits light independently of its neighbours, so if a bundleof fibres is placed together in an orderly manner along its length, with therelative positions remaining unchanged, actual images may be transmitted alongthe fibre. Such an arrangement

What it Means to be a Global Citizen Essay Example

What it Means to be a Global Citizen Essay There is indeed too much diversity in our world today. Different races, various cultures, divided geographies and opposing beliefs separate each state or country from each other. The world is a very diverse place with a little hope to for global unity. Countries fight over territories. Leaders battle over power. Governments take advantage of their constituents. Racism raises social injustice among multiracial societies. All of these social problems create an unnecessary segregation of various groups in our planet. There is too much nationalism going on that we tend to forget what unity is all about. Upon encountering the word â€Å"global citizen†, what immediately comes to my head is the image of a person deeply concerned with the world around him as a whole regardless of race or geography. This person sees the world in one piece without any barriers such as race, culture or geography. A global citizen for me does not limit him—or herself within his or her native land or hometown. According to Elizabeth Kruempelmann, the author of The Global Citizen: A Guide to Creating an International Life and Career, â€Å"Global citizens are global-minded people like you and me who crave international experience and are passionate about living fulfilling lives† (1). She defines the term as any person who has the passion to live a diverse way of life by the involvement of different cultures, languages etc. She also added that, â€Å"The term ‘global citizen’ creates awareness of a whole category of internationally oriented people who derive satisfaction from life by discovering the world† (1). We will write a custom essay sample on What it Means to be a Global Citizen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What it Means to be a Global Citizen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What it Means to be a Global Citizen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kruempelmann’s statement gave me a clearer picture of what a global citizen is. The most significant realization here is the fact that I am and can be considered as a global citizen. I love life and enjoy traveling. I am very much concerned with how the economic, political and social circles operate in the world. I lived in Pakistan for quite a long time and studying in the United States of America have taught me how important it is to take notice of all the other countries worldwide. Most especially today when the threat of global crisis is endangering the world’s economic growth, it is the best time for each one of us to become concerned not merely as a national citizen but rather a global citizen who is determined to make a change for a better world. It is time that we stop thinking exclusively for our own nations. It is the best time for us to start anew as a citizen who is concerned for the world as a whole nation. A global citizen can either be you or me. It can be anyone who has a taste for diversity and readiness to accept differences as part of a whole. It can be an international student like me who wishes to study abroad to learn new ideas apart from my traditional education back from my hometown. It can be a traveler who enjoys discovering new places and foods which fulfills his very purpose. It can be any language teacher wanting to share his or her native language to foreign people. Most important of all, it can be everybody who wishes to make this world a better place by uniting them. Works Cited Kruempelmann, Elizabeth. The Global Citizen: A Guide to Creating an International Life and Career. Canada: Ten Speed Press, 2002.

Computer Upgrade Essays - Classes Of Computers, Digital Electronics

Computer Upgrade With increasing popularity of computer games, and multimedia home PC users often need an unexpensive computer system upgrade. By building a custom computer one is able to combine componenets, and operating system to provide maximal gaming performance. Computers are often called number manipulators, because of their ability to run millions of mathematical operations per second (White 43). Computers use binary system of numbers, which allows them to operate system of microscopic switches called transistors found inside of computer chips. Binary system is defined as counting system that uses two digits one and zero (Gookin 49). A transistor is a basic building block of microchips; transistors are combined in formations called logic gates (White 39). "Transistor can only create binary information: one if current passes through or zero if current does not, to work with transistors"(White 39). Computer software uses Boolean logic, which is based on selecting true or false values used in computer programming (White 39). All personal computers have BIOS, which is an acronym for Basic Input Output System. The BIOS runs every time the computer is started, and it basically tells the computer how to act (White 19). The BIOS is a part of the boot up process, or a complex set of operations checking hardware that components are working properly. Besides BIOS and several other operations there is power?on self-test - POST being ran. POST test runs at the start up, and if it finds an error, it sends a warning message (White 5). Central processing unit ? CPU is the most important part of the personal computer, all other components work as a bridge to CPU (White 59). The speed of the processor is usually defined by using units called megahertz (MHz, also million frequency waves per second). CPUs are generally divided into two categories- CISC and RISC. CISC ? complex instruction set computing, uses many small instructions to carry out a single operations. CISC is a standard in today's processors. RISC ? reduced instruction set computing, uses less complicated instructions with simpler design. RISC microprocessors are cheaper, they produce less heat, and they are generally smaller in size compared to CISC. With less heat and smaller size RISC processors have great advantage in reaching higher frequencies with less danger of overheating. The major disadvantage and also reason why RISC microprocessors are not widely used, is less compatibility with available software. The earlier programs were written for CISC chips. In order to reach maximal speed, and compatibility the major manufacturers of microprocessors such as Intel, use some advantages of RISC technology, to improve the performance of their CISC compatible microprocessors (White 55). Computer microprocessor is the most important part of the PC, but it can not work by it self. One of the few primary components is BUS, also called a highway of the computer. BUS transports data among the processor, random access memory, and hard disk. Speed of the BUS depends on the type of motherboard where it is installed (White 119). Random access memory- RAM is also attached to the motherboard- base of all the components, but unlike BUS, RAM can be easily removed and changed. Random access memory works as a staging area for the central processing unit (White 43). Capacity of random access memory is very important for the performance of a computer. In case there is not enough RAM the software can create space on the hard drive to be used as temporary operating memory (White 31). Random means that any part of the memory can be accessed at any time, it is not necessary to read all of the memory to find one location. RAM is usually fast, temporary memory where data is saved until removed or power is turned off on the computer (White 43). "A hard drive is the workaholic of a PC system."(White 87)) It is based on using magnetic plates; spinning at extreme speeds up to 7,200 rotations a minute, which are 120 spins every second. Even with extreme speed and microscopic accuracy modern hard drives are unlikely to fail. The hard disk is a combination of electronic and mechanical portions, which makes it the one of the slowest parts of the computer (White 87). A graphic card is usually plugged into one of the expansion slots, which are metallic contacts on the motherboard (White 119). One of the most common expansion slots is PCI ? peripheral components interconnect. PCI are most commenly white slots used to attach a graphic or sound card, also modem or network card (White 120). Latest expansion slot used for

What Are Good SAT Scores for Colleges 101 Schools + Advice

What Are Good SAT Scores for Colleges 101 Schools + Advice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As you apply to college, it's important to understand how high of an SAT score you will need to aim for on test day. This raises the question:what aregood SAT scores for colleges? And notjust any colleges, but your colleges specifically? In this article, we’ll examine the SAT scores needed for college and how these scores can varydue todifferences in factors such as school prestige and competitiveness. We’ll then show you how to look for average SAT scores for colleges and how to set your own SAT goal score. What Are Good SAT Scores for Colleges? First off, what are good SAT scores for colleges? In reality, there's no single answer to this question because good SAT scores for universities vary depending on where you’re applying. For some schools, an SAT score of 1400 will be significantly high, whereas for others (i.e., top-20 colleges) it’ll be fairly low. As you might've guessed, ultra-competitive,top-ranked schools typically look for some of the highest SAT scores in applicants. Below is a chart containing thetop 25 US schools (as ranked by US News) and their ranges of SAT scoresfor incoming students. This data highlights the SAT score you'll need to get in order to give yourself the best shot at securing admissioninto ahighly competitive school.For each school, we give you theaverage SAT score, 25th percentile score, and 75th percentile score of incoming students. A 25th percentile score means that 25% of students scored at or below this threshold, while a 75th percentile score means that 75% of students scored at or below this threshold. Thus, the 25th and 75th percentiles represent the middle 50% SAT scores of admitted applicants- the average SAT score range for a particular school.GoodSAT scores for universities are usually those in the 75th percentile or higher (i.e., anything above the middle 50%). Note:For those curious about what kinds of SAT scores are required for Ivy League schools, I’ve bolded all eight Iviesin the table below. This should make it easier to compare the SAT scores of Ivies with those of non-Ivies. SAT Scores for Top 25 US Schools School US News Ranking 25th %ile SAT Score 75th %ile SAT Score Avg SAT Score Princeton 1 1430 1570 1500 Harvard 2 1460 1590 1520 Columbia 3 (tie) 1450 1580 1515 MIT 3 (tie) 1490 1570 1528 UChicago 3 (tie) 1480 1580 1530 Yale 3 (tie) 1420 1590 1505 Stanford 7 1390 1540 1465 Duke 8 (tie) 1390 1580 1485 Penn 8 (tie) 1420 1560 1490 Johns Hopkins 10 (tie) 1460 1580 1520 Northwestern 10 (tie) 1420 1560 1490 Caltech 12 (tie) 1530 1590 1560 Dartmouth 12 (tie) 1430 1560 1478 Brown 14 (tie) 1405 1570 1488 Vanderbilt 14 (tie) 1400 1550 1475 Cornell 16 (tie) 1390 1550 1470 Rice 16 (tie) 1490 1580 1535 Notre Dame 18 1370 1520 1445 UCLA 19 (tie) 1240 1490 1365 WUSTL 19 (tie) 1470 1570 1505 Emory 21 1350 1520 1435 Georgetown 22 (tie) 1350 1520 1435 UC Berkeley 22 (tie) 1330 1530 1430 USC 22 (tie) 1300 1500 1400 Carnegie Mellon 25 (tie) 1430 1560 1495 UVA 25 (tie) 1290 1470 1365 As you can see from this chart, the SAT scores you’ll need for top 25 schools vary slightly but are overall quite high.Of these schools, UCLA has the lowest SAT scores: the middle 50% of its incoming students scored between 1240 and 1490, or the 80th and 98th percentiles. By contrast,Caltech maintains the highest SAT scores:only 25% of incoming studentsscored at or below 1530- an extremely impressive SAT score in the 99th percentile! Even more impressive, a whopping 75% of Caltech students scored at or below a near-perfect score of 1590. Top schools are like center brownies: lots of people compete for them, but only a few will win access to one. But what if you’re not interested in applying to only top-25 schools? To lend you a hand, we've gathered SAT score information for 76 additional schools.All of the schools selected for this listare relatively well known- some more so in their respective regions- andvary from large public institutions to small liberal arts colleges. Whereas some are extremely competitive, others are more laid-back. But all are definitely worth considering for college! All schools below areorganized alphabetically.To find a specific school, use ctrl + F to type in the name of the school you're searching for. Note that University of California schools are listed using "UC." SAT Scores for 76 Popular Schools School 25th %ile SAT Score 75th %ile SAT Score Avg SAT Score American University 1180 1350 1260 Amherst College 1430 1560 1492 Baylor University 1190 1360 1275 Binghamton University 1290 1431 1361 Boston College 1320 1490 1405 Boston University 1300 1480 1380 Bowdoin College 1290 1510 1390 Brigham Young University (BYU) 1210 1410 1310 California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) 1220 1400 1293 Chapman University 1190 1360 1270 Claremont McKenna College 1420 1560 1490 College of William and Mary 1300 1480 1390 Drexel University 1160 1360 1260 George Washington University(GWU) 1280 1440 1355 Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) 1090 1520 1295 Harvey Mudd College 1470 1570 1520 Indiana University Bloomington 1140 1350 1246 Lehigh University 1270 1430 1347 Loyola Marymount University 1180 1360 1269 Miami University 1190 1380 1285 Michigan State University(MSU) 1100 1320 1204 Middlebury College 1320 1510 1404 New York University (NYU) 1290 1490 1382 Northeastern University 1370 1520 1445 Ohio State University(OSU) 1260 1450 1344 Pace University 1070 1240 1137 Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) 1160 1340 1247 Pepperdine University 1200 1390 1294 Pitzer College 1310 1490 1394 Pomona College 1370 1530 1450 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI) 1320 1500 1399 Rutgers University 1190 1400 1300 Scripps College 1290 1460 1384 Stony Brook University- SUNY 1210 1410 1304 Syracuse University 1160 1350 1255 Temple University 1130 1310 1221 Texas AM University 1140 1360 1252 Texas Christian University (TCU) 1130 1330 1230 Trinity College 1190 1440 1320 Tufts University 1410 1540 1475 Tulane University 1330 1490 1410 UC Davis 1120 1360 1240 UC Irvine 1170 1410 1286 UC Riverside 1090 1300 1179 UC San Diego(UCSD) 1140 1380 1257 UC Santa Barbara(UCSB) 1270 1500 1385 UC Santa Cruz 1160 1370 1263 United States Military Academy(West Point) 1185 1400 1300 United States Naval Academy 1250 1450 1410 University of Alabama 1050 1280 1177 University of Arizona 1100 1340 1182 University of Cincinnati 1120 1340 1233 University of Colorado Boulder(CU Boulder) 1150 1345 1248 University of Connecticut (UConn) 1110 1390 1250 University of Florida 1240 1410 1318 University of Georgia (UGA) 1200 1370 1281 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(UIUC) 1340 1500 1420 University of Iowa 1100 1400 1240 University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) 1180 1360 1269 University of Miami 1220 1410 1316 University of Michigan 1330 1500 1415 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities 1270 1480 1358 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) 1260 1440 1347 University of Pittsburgh 1240 1418 1330 University of Rochester 1250 1490 1370 University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) 1160 1390 1275 University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas) 1220 1430 1315 University of Vermont 1180 1350 1259 University of Washington 1190 1420 1310 University of Wisconsin- Madison 1280 1450 1359 Vassar College 1370 1510 1420 Villanova University 1250 1440 1345 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) 1180 1360 1268 Wake Forest University 1260 1440 1350 Wellesley College 1360 1530 1437 Williams College 1400 1570 1468 School 25th %ile SAT Score 75th %ile SAT Score Avg SAT Score The list above is only a fraction of the length of Santa's naughty-or-nice list. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! How to Find Average SAT Scores for Colleges With these two charts, we've given you- in addition to the 25th and 75th percentile SAT scores for each school- the average SAT scores of admitted applicants. These averages tell us what kinds of SAT scores you shouldaim for in order to match (or even possiblyexceed!) the qualifications of previously admitted students. But where can you findaverage SAT scores for colleges? The two best resources to look for SAT averages are ourPrepScholar database andofficial school websites. Method 1: Use the PrepScholar Database We at PrepScholar maintain a robust databaseyou can use to get more information onthe SAT scores needed for college. Start by typing in "[School Name] PrepScholar"or "[School Name] PrepScholar SAT"on Google. For example, here's the page I got when I searched for "university of oregon prepscholar": Click the link to either your school'sAdmission Requirements page orSAT Scores and GPA page in our database. I decided to look at the University of Oregon's Admission Requirements page(the first link in the screenshot above). Once on your school's PrepScholar page, scroll down to look for a section about its SAT scores. Straight away, you should be able to spot your school'saverage SAT score in a blue banner: If you'd like to see the 25th and 75th percentile SAT scores for your school as well, simply scroll down to look at the percentile chart: This is all you need to do to find the average SAT scores for colleges. However, if you’re having trouble locating a specific school in our PrepScholar database, move on to Method 2. Method 2: Use Official School Websites This method involves lookingfor SAT score information on aschool's official website.The easiest way to do this is to hop on Google, search for "[School Name] average SAT scores," and then click any links to official pages discussing SAT scores for your school. Another (slightly less convenient) method is tobrowseyour school'swebsite and intermittently usectrl + F to look for anymentions of SAT scores. The best pages to searchare those offering information onadmission statistics, the new freshman class, and facts and figures. That said, not allschools report average SAT scores. Whereas some won't release any SAT score information at all,other schools might report SAT scores of admitted applicants in the form of 25th and 75th percentile scores. One example of this is Princeton, whichoffers middle 50% SAT score ranges for both sections on the SAT. According to this Ivy League school, the middle 50% is 730-790 for Math and 700-770 for Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. In other words,25% of students scored1430 or below and 75% of students scored 1560 or below. Although this range isn’tthe same as an average, it does give us the information we ultimately want to know:what kind of SAT scores are considered better than average (and below average) at this particularschool. This freakishly beautiful kitten is anything but average. How to Set an SAT Goal Score We've seen how widely SAT scores for universities can vary; now, it’s time to figure out what score you'll need for your colleges specifically. In other words, what shouldyourSAT goal score be? A goal score is the SAT score most likely to get you into at least one of the colleges you're applying to (excluding safety schools). Ideally, it'll get you into all of them! Because SAT expectations can vary greatly by school and because there's such an enormous array of colleges you can apply to,your SAT goal score will be yours and yours alone.Other students might have higher or lower goal scores than you- but none of that matters. In the end, what does matter is your goal score’s likelihood of getting you into the college of your dreams! To find your SAT goal score, follow these three simple steps. Step 1: Make a Chart First off, make a table for the schools you're applying to and their 25th/75th percentile SAT scores. You may download our worksheet or draw a table similar to the one below. On the left, list all the schools you plan to apply to (excluding any safety schools you’re about90% certain you’ll get into). Here's an example: School 25th Percentile 75th Percentile UT Austin Texas AM Baylor TCU Step 2: Find SAT Score Info Online Your next step is to look for SAT score information for each of the schools in your table.To do this, follow the same steps as outlined in Method 1 for finding average SAT scores for colleges. Once again, here are the steps you'll need to take: Step 1: Search for "[School Name] PrepScholar SAT" on Google and click on the PrepScholar page for your school (either the Admission Requirements page or SAT Scores and GPA page will work). Step 2: Scroll down to the SAT section on this page to find a chart listing the 25th percentile, 75th percentile, and average SAT scores for this school. Step 3: Recordthe 25th and 75th percentile scores in your chart. In addition to using our database, you can search for "[School Name] SAT scores" on Google and look for official web pagesfor your school. Many schools will report either average SAT scores or the middle 50% of SAT scores(which is what you'll want for your chart). As a reminder, the minimum score in a 50% range is the 25th percentile, and the maximum is the 75th percentile. Once you've found SAT score information for all your schools, your chart should look like this: School Name 25th Percentile 75th Percentile UT Austin 1160 1390 Texas AM 1140 1360 Baylor 1190 1360 TCU 1130 1330 Step 3: Find Your Target Score Now, you’ll use the information in your chart to findyour target SAT score. To do this, simply look for the highest 75th percentile score in your chart.This will be your SAT target score. You must hit this (or near this) score in order to give yourself the best chance of admission to all the schools you're applying to. In this case, my goal score would be 1390 (for UT Austin), as this is the highest score in my chart. To figure out your (estimated) goal scores for each section (Evidence-Based Reading and Writing + Math), you candivide your goal score by 2.So a composite 1390 goal score would come out to a 690-700 EBRW goal score and a 690-700 Math goal score. My goal score? 100% completion in Breath of the Wild. (Brett Chalupa/Flickr) Summary: What Are Good SAT Scores for Colleges? Simply put, there is no one definition for good SAT scores for colleges. On the contrary, the SAT scores needed for college can vary significantly depending on schools' SAT expectations and where you’re applying. While some institutions might look for scores in the 99th percentile, others might accept scores closer to the national average. In general, good SAT scores for colleges are those that arein the 75th percentile or higher for your schools.Such a scoreshould elevate you well above the average SAT scores for yourschools, ultimately allowing you tostand apartfrom other applicants. Tofind average SAT scores for colleges, we recommend perusingeither our PrepScholar database or your schools' official websites. Finally, to set an SAT goal score, just follow these three easy steps: Step 1: Make a chart with all of the schools you're applying to(excluding safety schools) and their 25th and 75th percentiles. Step 2: Find SAT score information online by using either our database or your schools' official websites. Record the 25th and 75th percentilesin your chart. Step 3: Locate the highest75th percentile score in your chart.This will be your SAT goal score, as it's the one most likely to get you accepted to all the schools you're applying to. What’s Next? Still curious about good SAT scores for colleges?Read all about average SAT scores to see how they vary for different groups of test takers and learn what great, good, and poor SAT scores look like. Need additional help with setting an SAT goal score? Check out our step-by-step guide on how to seta target score for your schools. Readyto get the best SAT score you can get?With our completely customizable prep program, you can target your weaknesses and hone the skills you'll need most for test day. We also offer a ton ofexpert SAT tips and tricks to help you get the score you need for college! Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Summary - Essay Example Department of Education, 2002). It's important, though, to realize that learning disabilities (LD) vary from person to person. One person with LD may not have the same kind of learning problems as another person with LD. One may have trouble with reading and writing. Another may have problems with understanding math. Still another person may have trouble in each of these areas, as well as with understanding what people are saying. The diagnosis of learning disabilities is often a sticky issue. Of particular concern are the various methods used to test children suspected of having a learning disability and the differing eligibility criteria that states apply to decide whether or not a child qualifies for special education and related services. A lot rides on those decisions. Depending on the diagnostic process used, the resulting picture may vary as to the child's abilities and difficulties. And based upon the picture that emerges of the child, decisions are made about the education and special assistance that the child will receive (or not) and the resources that the state will commit to provide the child with special education (or not). This article reviews the historical basis and rationale for identifying children as learning disabled on the basis of a discrepancy between scores on measures of intelligence and achievement.